The Single Most Important Factor Influencing Learning Education Essay

The Single Most Important Factor Influencing education Education EssayBroadfoot (1996, p.21) describes sound judgment as the most powerful rotating shaft in education and as a descent of leverage to drive about change. In this assignment I go forth attempt to fall together my own get words of employ judgment as a article of belief tool, both summative and formative, and how medication has been the most assessed of discip berths, both in the check context and beyond (Phillpott 2007) FIND REFERENCE or practise online source? With relevance to Q11 I shall explain my brain of the sagaciousness requirements for GCSE and AS aim music and how I drop use these to inform my own exercising and bespeakment with opinion for education, specifically as a daylight to day classroom tool.It is necessary that scholarly persons achievements argon recorded and monitored in some way, non only to provide the scholar with essential hard demo of their strengths for use in higher e ducation, the workplace and beyond, but to provide a performer to appraise the potential of a oblige and its staff. OFSTED inspectors willing appraise a acknowledges record keeping and sagaciousness protocols and will motive to scrutinize records of scholar results. The shoal league t fits printed in the internal press way on examination results in pronounce to rate a schools success against the national average although these published results do non illustrate a schools success measured against other influences such as socio-economic circumstanceors or turbulence for example.What does strike comprise 3 national curriculum appraisal consist of?At the revoke of severalise act 3, normally when pupils be in course of counselling 9, schools pass birth to report t to each mavener assessment outcomes to p arnts/c bers.The requirement for all pupils to pose tests in English, mathematics and science at the end of key microscope stage 3 was removed in Octobe r 2008. Teacher assessment of pupils remains a statutory requirement. At the end of key stage 3, teachers summarise their judgements for each eligible pupil, taking into account the pupils progress and performance throughout the key stage. They need to determinea aim for each attainment range in English, mathematics, science and modern foreign languagesan overall force field level in each of the core and non-core subjects.Teachers should base their judgements on the level descriptions in the national curriculum.GET THIS IN SOMEHOW RELATE TO FFT/RAISE ONLINE, ETCQ13 requires trainee teachers to turn in how to use local and national statistical selective information to evaluate the achievementiveness of their training. At Guthlaxton College, the pastoral assessment of pupils uses a summative model expound as an ATL (attitude to information). This comp ares aspirational target checks taken from scores at key stage 3 and analysed via the Fischer family trust entropy depth ps ychology project which produces estimates of likely attainment. These FFT estimates are calculated individually for each pupil and, from these, school and local dresser performance projections whitethorn be calculated. These figures are estimates only in that they reap predictions for future attainment if pupils work and make progress that is in line with that of similar pupils in previous years. The ATL score looks at current promotion against the FFT estimate for that pupil and is efficacious in providing on-going data evidence, alongside teacher assessment, coursework musical scores, test results and attendance in providing a picture of the student crossways all of their subject areas. Student progression, with come along relevance to standard Q13, back tooth be assessed in this way and attainment levels batch be increase by observeing strength and areas for further development or support.Effective schools continuously monitor progress and evaluate themselves by scrut inising pupil progress and grades, identifying influences which switch off to hamper or accelerate achievement and progression. The school should pay contiguous attention to the impact that any intervention or support has had and how it has alter the study of the pupils. In my own convention I have apply summative data, ATL scores and FFT projections to discuss pupil progress with parents during student freshen up sessions. I have also been able to identify areas for advance in my own dogma modes by using test and mock exam scores to create a picture of student achievement levels.At key stage 4, GCSE results throne be used by the school to identify areas of weakness or areas which require support and intervention by looking at patterns which may emerge from scrutiny of these summative results. This information can be fed back to subject wizers who may consequently be able to identify areas for future development. thitherfore, summative assessment can be used as a drivin g compact for school modifyment. Educational decisions regarding pupil performance, for example the streaming I observed in my second school placement at key stage 3, must be based on potent use of the evidence ga in that respectd. Over a relatively short space of clipping a childs performance may evolve. Careful and regular use of summative data can help a teacher or school make effective statement decisions.www.fischertrust.orgBroadfoot, P. (1996) appraisal and Learning Power or confederacy? In Goldstein, H and Lewis, T (eds.) Assessment Problems, Developments and Statistical Issues. Chichester John Wiley and SonsThe bailiwick Strategies illustrates that it is grievous for schools to use summative assessment data in a contextual way. For example learner achievement should be viewed against the national average, against germane(predicate) influences such as turbulence and KS3 and 4 splits (Leicestershire) and socio-economic factors such as EAL. Also, subject specific achi evement differences may emerge. The strategies continue to illustrate that only useful data should be collected for the purpose of providing sound evidence for modifyment. applicable data may be used by schools to set targets and to identify prospered fare so that it may be repeated or used as good exemplar teaching. When targets are established the school can wherefore take steps towards support provision, training, intervention and further development (dcsf 2010)nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk unison as a discipline is fraught with hoar areas which present challenges when trying to perform a final assessment of a performance or a composition, and so forth In a school context of use, when faced with the challenge of evaluating work which on some levels will forever be interpreted subjectively, a teacher needs to have an assessment model that has legitimacy in a whole-education context (Spruce 1996) Spruce, G (1996) education music, Assessment in the arts bring dow ns in objectivity, London, Routledge. In my own practice for example I have used the carefully worded patsy criteria given(p) by the exam board as a template for judgment and I have also used our college guidelines regarding acquisition objectives to assess what I have asked pupils to do and hopefully learn.However, it is the ongoing interaction between student and teacher which brings about most development in a new-fangled musician. The genius of learning a musical instrument requires that we move in small, guided steps and, to make any musical progress at all the learner must become egotism-reflective about their own skills and understand. tralatitious implemental grades, although valuable in providing a signpost to a students familiar ability only deal with performance but do not provide any information about the journey which brought the student to this point. They do not take into seeation the musical growth, learning and misgiving which has taken place front to the final test (Faultley 2010). Fautley Martin Assessment in Music Education, Oxford Music Education, 2010. The folk view of assessment, that it happens after teaching has occurred, as in the model displayd by traditional musical instrument grades, separates assessment from teaching itself. This model of summative assessment makes the performance at the decreed hour of assessment the priority rather than the learning which has occurred.There are two types of assessment commonly referred to in education, summative and formative and there has been a lot debate over which one is much beneficial in education. In practice it seems that one, formative, is a teaching method which can lead to overture and success in the other, summative form of assessment. Summative assessment is the summing up of a performance or an overall assessment that ordinarily occurs at the end of a module or a name and address of work. The term formative assessment, on the other hand, is an ongoing chang e overlap by the pupil and the teacher and is much referred to as assessment for learning because the constructive, reflective nature of the assessment is used an educational tool in itself, essential to guide both pupil and teacher alike for identifying areas for improvement and development.Summative assessment, tests, exams, grades, etc. summarise student progress at a specified point in the educational career, but formative assessment, principaling, companion and self-assessment, teacher feedback, etc. are all intended to develop and improve the carry through of learning itself. The results of formative assessment are not used to provide a final grade or judgement of a pupils noticeledge or abilities but to guide learning. AfL, used salutary in the classroom pushs deep persuasion and reflectiveness rather than sincere mean of information through questioning, self-assessment, partner assessment and teacher feedback. As a student teacher, I have often been asked by men tors, How do you live if they are learning? My initial attempts at teaching classroom music were characterised by the deli really(prenominal) of facts and instructions but without the utilizing the powerful opportunities for formative assessment such as open questioning or peer assessment for example. Dylan Wiliam in an interview for teacher TV is quoted as saying that the fundamental premise for AfL is the question Did the children learn what I just taught? If not, why not? This seemingly simple question requires discipline on the part of the teacher to be answered openly and constructively and the 10 principlines of AFL (assessment reform root 2002) gives a broad overview of how this cleverness be achieved.Depending on situation, subject, behaviour issues, etc. it might be very difficult to put AFL into practice as it is intended. Indeed, fatal and Wiliam (1998) write that formative assessment is a powerful tool if communicated correctly. As a trainee teacher, my second scho ol placement in a very turbulent school presented me with such behavioural difficulties in the classroom that I found it difficult to attempt some of the AFL techniques I had been trying to hone with my perfectly behaved GCSE students elsewhere. Day to day strategies for AFL such as questioning, self-and peer assessment and feedback were not in place in a way I was familiar with and seemed tokenistic. The pupils were not familiar with the methods and so the style was not as effective as it should have been had they been introduced to AFL via a whole school progression. There is a definite need for a school to adopt a consistent culture of assessment for learning for it to work successfully inside the music classroom. The temptation may be to enhance a lesson using a few token AfL techniques such as peer assessment, etc. just to get through an observation or OFSTED inspection. However, the idealism and whole tone behind assessment for learning seems to be that the pupil becomes mo re accountable for shaping their own learning through the constant use of self and peer assessment, receiving feedback and dealing with challenging, thought provoking questions. The AfL ideas should be the basis for the teaching rather than empty, ritualistic mechanisms or novelty add-ons. The Assessment reform group evinces that Assessment for learning should be recognised as central to classroom practice and should involve both teachers and learners alike in the process of reflection on the classroom activity and decisions regarding progression towards learning goals and objectives.AFL is also an grievous tool for the teacher to assess their own methods and ask Did they learn what I just taught them? If the teaching practice is ineffective then it must be adjusted and improved and AFL should become part of the effective planning of teaching and learning (Assessment reform group, 2002).The assessment judgments of teachers do matter, they are essential to the successful developm ent of every child in learning music, and, as a get of recent initiatives observe, every child matters. (Faultley 2010)The Assessment Reform aggroup (2002, p.2) define assessment for learning as the process of seeking and translation evidence for use by learners and their teachers to decide where the learners are in their learning, where they need to go and how best to get there. Assessment Reform Group. (2002) Research-based principles to guide classroom practice. London Assessment Reform GroupThe single most chief(prenominal) factor influencing learning is what the learner already knows. Ascertain this and teach him accordingly (Ausubel et al, 1978)Ausubel, D.P, Novak, J and Hanesian, H (1978) Educational psychologyA cognitive view, second edition, Holt Rinehart and Winston.Many different researchers such as, Casbon and Spackman, (2005), The Assessment Reform Group (2002) and glowering, et al, (2002) have identified different strategies that underpin successful assessment fo r learning. This assignment will focus on four that I have put into practice myself while teaching music and can comment upon from personal bring forth setting goals and the sharing of assessment criteria, questioning, peer and self-assessment and teacher feedback. I will use these four strategies as a guide to describe on the nose what assessment for learning is and how it relates to musical Education.Casbon, C and Spackman, L. (2005) Assessment for Learning in Physical Education. Leeds CoachwiseB deprivation, P, Harrison, C, Lee, C, Marshall, B and Wiliam, D. (2002) Working Inside the Black Box Assessment for Learning in the Classroom. London nferNelsonSETTING GOALS/SHARING CRITERIABy setting goals and sharing criteria the classroom teacher can aim to ensure pupils know what they should have achieved by the end of the lesson (School Curriculum Assessment Authority, SCAA, 1997). Pupils should know what they are trying to achieve. Without this information they cannot evaluate thei r own success at the end of the lesson (Weeden et al, 2002).Before setting goals, the teacher needs to find out what the pupils have learned previously and what level they are at in order to make the goals achievable and a source of motivation (James, 2000 and SCAA, 1997). Q11 refers to developing an judgment of assessment requirements for public examinations and I have used these a head start point for designing many of my units of work as the AQA GCSE syllabus lists hap marking criteria. Indeed it was a useful exercise for me to translate these criteria into slow digestible, pupil-friendly language.Questioning, the second strategy, is a vital part of assessment for learning and one which as an inexperienced teacher I have had to seek much advice from colleagues. Weeden et al. (2002) report that a lot of teachers use questions which require only the suppose of information in order to provide an answer.Weeden, P, Winter, J and Broadfoot, P. (2002) Assessment Whats in it for the school? London RoutledgeFalmerAs Stobart and Gipps (1997) point out, a pupil cannot demonstrate dread simply by regurgitating facts or pieces of information. Assessment for learning is concern with process and not the product and therefore questions need to enable companionship and understanding (Casbon and Spackman, 2005) via the implementation and demonstration of higher order opinion. correspond to Blooms taxonomy, the turn back of friendship is classified as a lower order skill. By adjusting the complexity of a question and the requirements for an answer, a teacher can pull ahead higher order skills and thinking. For example, in my music lessons for KS3, I had to begin a topic on notation by introducing simple facts such as note values and pitch. The bordering questioning strategy I used, involving simple sums using notes instead of numbers, was designed to encourage the students to demonstrate their comprehension of note-lengths. Black, et al. (2002) describes teacher s as not only presenters of information but leaders of exploration. The skills I am aiming to develop in my own practice require beingness able to create probing, explorative questions which cause a pupil to apply and contemplate even simple knowledge and facts.Blooms taxonomy hierarchy of questioning get it in there somewhereThey can be used to explore pupils prior knowledge (Black and Wiliam, 1998) and also their own points of view on a subject. Questions are also useful tools for feedback. Black, et al. (2002) explain that impromptu questions posed while the pupils are working about what they are thinking and why, encourages wider thinking and provides immediate feedback to the teacher regarding pupil understanding. Teachers also need to be aware of how the questions are being answered and that this can be influenced by the mode of questioning used.The all- of import thinking time allowed for all pupils is approved by Black, et al (2002) who prescribe a no hands up policy, wh ere all the pupils should have an answer to part with the class if they are called upon by the teacher. This approach to questioning allows more pupils to be involved and engaged in a question and answer session. According to personality type, different students will show different levels of willingness to be involved. The more effective and valuable technique I have used in my music lessons is to present a question, allow thinking time and then assess student answers in a way which does not confide on the hands-up approach. The answers and thoughts can be retrieved via methods such as asking a student by name and then asking a peer to comment on their answer or by using the mini-whiteboard method whereby the whole class can answer a closed question simultaneously. My first attempts at this AfL method were poorly planned because of the closed nature of the questions I used and I realized later that some pupils would give me answers they felt I wanted to hear rather than engaging in a dialogue unveiling the genuine state of their learning. In this way, I conclude that the focus should always be on the pupil sincerely yours reviewing their own understanding by tackling open ended questions.Black and Wiliam (1998) submit that a common feature of poor questioning practice is that teachers break up to allow adequate processing time when asking questions. Without reflective thinking time factored into the questioning, the only answers that can be reasonably asked are factual, knowledge based and limited in their scope for demonsrating learning through exploration and evaluation (Black and Wiliam 1998). The lesson may have a sense of pace and ecstasy but it will only be a limited number of pupils answering the rapid, fact-based, short answer questions. Shirley Clarke (2005) advocates increased waiting time during classroom questioning by indicating the thinking time and adopting a no-hands up approach ie. Dont answer straight away, split into pairs and take 2 minutes to consider why Mozart changed key suddenly at bar 27. Clarke (2005) goes on to state that changing the student expectation of what classroom is and how they are to be involved in the process will result in longer, more positive(p) responses. The variety of answers and explanations will widen and help to provoke thought and learning and the failure to respond will decrease for those who are less confident. In my second school placement I was presented with an assessment policy briefly covering the expected elements of AFL. This document stated that skillful questioning gauges understanding (Hamilton community college, 2010) but I would suggest that questioning in the classroom is also a means to provoke thinking when used correctly. Black et al (2003) concur with this by stating that More effort has to be dog-tired in framing questions that are worth asking that is, questions which explore issue that are critical to the development of students understanding. (Black et al, 2003)Black, P., Harrison C., Lee, C., Marshall, B., and Wiliam D. (2003) Assessment for learning, Open university press.Shirley Clarke (2005) writes that effective, thought provoking questioning is planned prior to the lesson and will extend student understanding beyond mere recall of facts or knowledge. Blooms taxonomy defines closed recall of fact as a lower order thinking skills but that analysis or evaluation require a higher level of thinking and involvement in order to engage with the question. Therefore, pre-designed questioning will encourage the required thoughtful, reflective dialogue needed to evoke and explore understanding (Black and Wiliam 1998) and through the implementation of sound framing and the use of thinking time all pupils may have the opportunity to develop and express their ideas.self-importance ASSESSMENTStobart and Gipps (1997, p.15) believe that assessment is only truly formative if the process involves the pupil, and this of course requires self-assessm ent, the third strategy. By allowing independent learning where pupils crucially take active responsibility for, and participation in, their own learning, self-assessment is a vital AFLtool. Black, et al. (2002) tonicity that this personal reflection on progress can only take place if the pupil fully understands objectives and this is backed up by Shirley Clarke (2005) who outlines a model for enabling students to identify their own success against clearly outline learning objectives. The Assessment reform group (2002) states that AFL should develop a learners faculty for self-assessment, so that they can become reflective and self-managing. With well outlining learning goals the process may also avoid be destructive to a pupils sanction and can be focused mainly on areas for future improvement. For example, in my GCSE music classes I can use self-assessment to ensure that a pupil looks objectively at their own composition work with reference to the AQA marking criteria which he lp to provide sound success criteria for the unit of work.By understanding what they should be learning they can assess what they need to do to sink in the required goals. Self-assessment is a skill which needs to be taught and used on a regular basis but in my brief experience needs to be woven into lesson planning in order to perform its role.Stobart, G., Gipps, C., Assessment A teachers guide to the issues, Hodder Arnold H&S 3rd rewrite edition edition (4 Dec 1997)PEER ASSESSMENTAs well as self-assessment, peer-assessment is also a powerful of learning tool. Cowie (2005) points out that often pupils are more likely to understand the feedback language used by their peers. Pupils may also appear more confident when they are nigh their peers and are consequently more likely to interrupt another pupil through lack of understanding, than a teacher (Black, et al, 2002). It is however, important that pupils are not encouraged to draw equalitys between themselves because that could have a negative effect on confidence and self-esteem. The Dfes guidance states that students do not become self-evaluative all-night and in my own practice it has taken time and commitment to self and peer assessment to move the process away from simple arguing in the classroom towards more valuable collaborative learning activity. The focus for peer and self-assessment should be on the quality of the work produced and ways to improve it rather than simply marking each others work.FEEDBACKTeacher feedback may be described as formative when it helps students understand how to do better next time. If feedback, written on the bottom of an essay for example, simply gives a grade or mark out of ten, the student has no idea how to improve. However, if a teacher gives clear guidance for possible next steps or areas for development then this is valuable for all students, regardless of ability. It also avoids the comparison effect and focuses on personal improvement. If the emphasis is plac ed on the grade of a piece of work, a student with low ability can easily become demotivated. This is especially true in GCSE music where the col of the cohort admitted to the course can range from those who have had private instrumental tuition for years to those whose only experience of practical music do will have been in the music classroom. Through careful feedback a teacher can avoid the maladaptive responses (Dweck 1986) which can manifest in a music lesson as a form of helplessness and the lack of persistence a learner can exhibit when faced with obstruction or a low grade. Formative feedback is diagnostic and is more important to raising achievement by giving a commentary for improvement than simply by giving a grade (Lawson 2008)Lawson, Tony, Assessing students reflective teaching and learning edited by Dymoke, S., Harrison, J. 2008. Sage publications limited.Feedback, the fourth strategy, is very important in assessment for learning it can have huge impacts on pupils learning. There are two types of feedback, normative, which refers to the giving of grades and the comparison to a statistical picture and formative which refers to giving constructive comment. Weaver (2006) points out that feedback is an effective way of alerting pupils to their strengths and weaknesses and giving information on how to close the gap. remainder the gap refers to the difference between the learning outcome or goal and the pupils present state (Black and Wiliam, 1998). By using feedback and assessment information, pupils and teachers are then able to decide what should be done next.A study by Martinez and Martinez (1992) found that normative feedback, grades and attach, etc., had a negative effect on pupils learning and this is echoed by Black and Wiliam (1998) who observed in their research an over-emphasis on marks and grading which in itself did not provide useful advice or instruction for the future.In order for learning to take place feedback must involve const ructive dialogue and comment between the teacher and the pupil. This kind of feedback can be a catalyst for discussion and further enhance learning (Maclellan, 2001). Traditionally however, the education system is grade dominated, and it would be hard to stoop from that. Pupils will always want to know their grades. Feedback can have very positive effects on both confidence and motivation, if used effectively (Weaver, 2006).

Comparative Drug Review Gastrointestinal Therapies Tagamet And Nexium Biology Essay

Comparative do drugs Review Gastrointestinal Therapies Tagamet And Nexium Biology EssayTagamet and Nexium turn over been cardinal of the some(prenominal) common drugs these days, some(prenominal) of which atomic number 18 unspecificly utilise in the medical treatment of major stomachic sulfurous- connect disorders like peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastro-esophageal ebbing disease (GERD), with their respective restless broker being cimetidine and esomerprazole.In view of their similar uses in GI therapies, this review addresses various major characteristics possessed by the two drugs and in an attempt to make a vivid comparison between them in accordance to their active ingredients, for providing information optimizing the selection of gastric acid-related drugs at opposite clinical conditions.MechanismBoth cimetidine and esomeprazole serve to cure GI disorders by decrease the secretion of gastric acid, however, with different drug targets to be acted on and mechanis ms to bring ab let out their actions. Cimetidine, being a histamine H2 receptor belligerent antagonist (H2RA), reversibly binds to the histamine H2 receptor on the acid-secreting parietal cell of the rear and lead to the production of second messenger cAMP which usher out in conclusion trigger the H+/K+-ATPase to pump more acid out of the cell. Thus, the binding of histamine released by Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the stomach to the receptors, which in turn stimulates gastric acid secretion, is inhibited. At the same time, with the blockage of the histamine H2 receptors by cimetidine, the encumbrance of both gastrin- and acetylcholine-stimulated acid secretion would be discreditd. All these result in the sonorous of acidity in the stomach.Esomeprazole, being a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), acts by an wholly different mechanism. Esomerprazole is a weak-base prodrug and it accumulates in the unique, highly acidic canalicular stead of the active parietal cell, where th e pH is less than 2.0. At this pH, it is converted to the active form of the drug, which then covalently binds to one or more cysteines that are accessed from the purple heart surface of the gastric proton pump in gastric parietal cells, the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme, the target of which esomeprazole acts on. As a result, this irreversibly inhibits the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme, whose activity is involved in the final step of gastric acid secretionTherapeutic EffectivenessOwing to their different mechanisms of action, the gastric acid-suppressive feeling produced by them varies, thus leading to variation in their effectiveness for treating related diseases. In general, PPIs (e.g. esomerprazole) are more potent than H2RAs (e.g. cimetidine) because the former inhibits the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme involved in the final step of acid secretion1, as the latter(prenominal) only inhibits one of the pathways involved in acid secretion. The superior acid-suppressive effect of PPI over an H2RA has been verif ied by comparative studies. 2-5Because of the different mechanism of these two drugs, esomeprazole has a longer duration than cimetidine. After converted to the active form, Esomeprazole can bind reversibly to the H+/K+-ATPase. As a result, esomeprazole pass on not be easily enzymatically metabolized and the major factor that leading to waiver of effect of esomeprazole is largely dependent on the production of new H+/K+-ATPase. This is reason why esomeprazole has a rather long duration of effect on inhibition of acid secretion.In terms of curative outcomes, it has been shown that higher efficacy is found in PPI treatments than in H2RA treatments for a wide range of diseases such as peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, GI damage caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. 6 V13, as revealed by many studies. One of these aimed to investigate oesophagitis in which a meta-analysis of 43 healing(predicate) trials was conducted i n unhurrieds with moderate or unadulterated oesophagitis. The proportion of patients successfully tough was al close to doubled with PPIs, and the rapidity of healing and symptom relief were round twice that with H2RAs. 14 Thus, It had confirmed the advantage of PPIs over H2RAs. 15To sum up, up to the accede stage, esomerprazole seems to be more effective and a more preferable resource than cimetidine for the treatment of roughly gastric acid-related diseases.SafetyIn fact, both cimetidine and esomeprazole are quite safe and they rarely stool indecorous make that whitethorn be lethal. In a meta-analysis of 24 double-blind placebo-controlled studies, it shows negligible difference of incidence of emplacement effects between cimetidine and placebo. The most commonly reported adverse effects are diarrhea, other gastrointestinal disturbances, dizziness, tiredness, rashes and headache. Furthermore, most adverse effects of cimetidine are dose-related and as the continuance of treatment increases, the jeopardy is decreased which means Cimetidine is rather right for patients who require long-term treatment. Also, Cimetidine has significant anti-androgen effects in patient receiving high dose and this puts some male patients in fear.Adverse effects of Esomeprazole are infrequent as Cimetidine, but some of its common side effects like headache, diarrhea and skin rashes can be severe and may need to resolve on drug discontinuation. Moreover, recognized increases in the prevalence of pneumonia and Campylobacter enteritis as wellspring as a doubling of the risk of infection with Clostridium difficile should not be overlooked due to the mapping of esomeprazole as a first-line drug.What should emphasize is that patients still need health administer professionals careful character as if both drugs are safe. Since esomeprazole is one of the most frequently prescribed medicine and 63% , 33% and 67% of infirmary inpatients in Austria, Ireland and the United Ki ngdom did not meet the criteria for taking esomeprazole or other proton pump inhibitors. As a result, it is pharmacoeconomically unfavorable and improved clinical pharmaceutical care can be achieved by detailed indication by the cooperation of pharmacist and health care professionals. What is more, these two drugs are situated in the same Pregnancy Category by the US FDA and they are not advised for the pregnant women. Because of their inhibition of parietal cells, secretion of constitutional factor is reduced. As a result, both drugs can lead to mal-absorption of Vitamin B12 which is eventful for maturation of Erythrocytes and DNA synthesis and thus Vitamin B12 therapy may be needed.do drugs interactionsThey interact with a wide variety of drugs except that they both reduce absorption of acid-dependent drugs due to their effect of lowering of the stomach pH, but in fact only drugs with a narrow therapeutic index have clinical significance. The majority of interactions is due to binding of cimetidine to cytochrome P450 isoenzymes in the colorful with subsequent inhibition of microsomal oxidative metabolism and increased bioavailability or plasma concentrations of drugs metabolised by these enzymes. These drugs are anticoagulants, phenytoin, theophylline, benzodiazepines, betal-blockers, lidocaine, Procainamide, ketoconazole and itraconazole.Similarly, Esomeprazole interferes with the elimination of drugs metabolized by isoenzyme CYP2C19 and to a smaller extent by CYP3A4. Therefore, it increases the plasma level of clarithromycin, amoxicillin, diazepam, phenytoin, and warfarin. In addition, esomeprazole has a potential difference interaction with atazanavir which is a HIV-Protease Inhibitor to treat HIV by substantially reducing the concentration of atazanavir.ConclusionSummarizing all the above mentioned features, Nexium is seemingly a break in drug in terms of its potency, therapeutic effects as well as its range of application in clinical conditions, comparing to Tagamet. However, its benefits and drawbacks may be revealed in the future by research works, which should be invariably aware of.

Community Service As Punishment Under The Ipc Criminology Essay

Community serving As Punishment Under The Ipc Criminology EssayCommunity servicing constitute an justificatory reparation that the person is now required to hit to the union what he has wronged. The Indian Penal Code was the enacted in 1860 by virtue of the clear court- differentiateed draftsmanship of Lord Macaulay. If there would obtain been a excogitation of partnership gain prevalent at that epoch whence the authors be sure that there would have been no extremity to urge the comprehension of the same in the Indian Penal Code. save since this exclusion by Macaulay is because of no fault of his it is our duty to incorporate much(prenominal) to meet the demands of the prison term and to make the IPC a living hearty document. Section 53 of the IPC2provides for the several(a) types of penaltys. But these are old and do non meet the exigencies of the range day globalised world. The authors yearn for inclusion body of club table good as a mode of penalisat ion. Indian draftsmen have non overlooked the necessity of such(prenominal)(prenominal) a soda pop mode in recent enactments. We find the inclusion of community gain in The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 20003(Section 154).Community service is defined as an order that requires an wrongdoer (who mustiness consent and be aged at least 16) to perform free work for between 40 and 240 hours under(a) the supervision of a probation officer. once known as aCommunity Service Order. It can withal be defined asAcommunityorderwhich requires theoffenderto do unpaid work in the community under the supervision of aprobation officer.5Moreover the work that the offender is required to undertake has some(prenominal) obvious relation to the nature of discourtesy.6History of community serviceThe starting signal organized community service program meant systematically to be utilize in place of short prison house sentences were established in ad-hoc foundation in C alifornia in the 1960s. . Thus community service was verificatory alternative to imprisonment.7In the United Kingdom, fan tan enacted commandment in the former(a) 1970s giving the courts specific powers to order community service as a sentencing sanction.8In the early 1980s after a serial publication of private pilot projects the Dutch implemented community service nationally and evaluators made comparable findings.9It was Lenin10who also stressed on the importance of community service.11Benefits of Community ServiceCommunity service serves the goals of punishment, reparation, restitution and evening rehabilitation. It is beneficial to the offenders12, the community13, the victim14and even to the courts.15So community service has both(prenominal) the social and the cognitive benefits. It also serves as an alternative to imprisonment (India has 32 prisoners per 1000 of population. We have 11094.25 lakhs prisoners in India as on 31 celestial latitude 2005)16which is morally rep rehensible and indefensible17. Moreover Prisons have proved useless in their object of reforming the criminals. Research indicates that about half of all prison inmates are likely to be rearrested and returned to prison, many soon after their departure from an institution.18Contamination is the gist of prison life. Prisons are dens of criminality. The unsophisticated offender is compelled to tie in with the expectantened professional criminals and thereby he learns not only the techniques of committing the umbrage only also the specific drives, shrewdisation and attitudes of crime.19The Community Service political platform is reckoned to add some refinement by requiring the offender to grade back into society through performing a job for the community.20 non only do offenders bespeak to be addressed as mobile participants rather than as passive recipient of punishment or treatment, but they also need to be positively motivated to engage in the process of change to law-ab iding lives. Performing work for the community, as salubrious as requiring offenders to pay back to the society helped them realize that they had contribution to make to the society.21Developments in IndiaMacaulay may have not envisaged the need of community service as it was not prevalent at that time. But it first dawned upon India in the 42nd report22of the Law Commission.23Then an Amendment bill24was introduced in the Parliament25which was passed in the Rajya Sabha but due to the proclamation of emergency it could not be passed in the Lok Sabha and it sink. Again the Law Commission in its 156th report26urged the need to implement community service in Indian Penal system.27 notwithstanding the Malimath Committee and others28recommended community service as mode of punishment.29Community Service Scheme has also been started in one state i.e. Gujarat and it is an alternate for offences under the Bombay Prohibition Act. Another state i.e. Andhra Pradesh (Prison is a state subjec t)30has also revise the Penal Code and introduced Community Service as a punishment. This legislation is now pending with the Union Government for their amity.31Cases and pronouncementsWe have instances where the court has consistent the offender to do community service in lieu of the offence that he has committed. The Delhi steep homage asked two businessmen to perform community service with a voluntary organisation for a year as punishment for firing triplet shots at their friend for fun. Justice Sanjay Kishan Kaul, succession quashing a first information report (FIR) against the two businessmen Monday, asked Delhi patrol not to return their gun for a year.32For sexually harassing a charr on the bus the magistrate asked the offender to write a 25-page essay on eve-teasing and harassment. He was asked to make 500 copies of the essay and distribute them outside schools and colleges.33In probably a first, the Patna mellowed Court has given provisional attachment to two acc used in a mobile phone scar case on the condition that they would have to do community service at a local anaesthetic temple thrice a calendar week for six months.34The Indian Supreme Court though not having argued (even in their obiters) to have community service as a mode of punishment has nevertheless hinted at the importance and need for such type of restorative sanction. in one of the case the court said-A few other weighty factors deserve reference. All deprivation of liberty is validated by social defense and individual correction along an anti-criminal direction, public arbiter is central to the whole scheme of bail law. Fleeing referee must be forbidden but punitive harshness should be minimized. Restorative devices to save the man, even through community service, meditative drill, study classes or other resources should be innovated.35The unacceptable anomalyCommunity service was not corporate in the IPC. The reason fascinates and confuses me. The neo democratic st yle of non-inclusion is too hard to swallow. The Law Commission of India circulated a letter highlighting the main issues winding in the Penal Code for eliciting views from various quarters.36The letter was sent to Registrars of High Courts, the Home Secretary of the enjoin Governments Union Territories, the President of Supreme Court Bar Association and High Courts Bar Association, National Commission for gay Rights, National Commission for Minorities, National Commission for SC ST, National Womens Commission, State Law Commissions, Police Officers, Advocates, Academicians and some social organisations, Institutions etc.Responses were received from three State Governments, Seven Judges and one Additional Registrar of High Courts, Two Advocates, Six Police Officers, unrivaled State Law Commission, One Academician and Two organisations (Nirantar and Federation Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry).37 instanter the recommendation that came out was that the proposed section 7 4 should not and cannot be implemented in India. The report laid-This section contemplates a supervisory authority to send off whether the convict is working and rendering service for the number of hours specified and if he fails to do so by way of default, he has to be sentenced thereafter. We call back an open air prison system is better suited from the storey of view of the correctional measures rather than the proposed punishment of community service.The community service no doubt is another innovation in the direction of correctional methods but as voiced in many workshops it may not be practicable to give an effect to and also may not amount to punishment.The most horrifying aspect of the entire thing is that yet on the views of some of the judges, advocated, academicians, police officers and organizations an innovative and pulsating need of the criminal justice system was not implemented. The authors are unable to find a rational nexus with the reasons given for such non inclusion.Reforms SuggestedWhat the authors involve is that is not the inclusion of community service as a form of punishment but the authors want the successful and effective executing of community service as a form of punishment under the code prepared by the jural penetration of Macaulay.That is the reason we do not recommend to make better the IPC and admit community service as a sixth form of punishment immediately as was once tried by the 1976 bill.38It would not be an inclusion as we nowadays find the Indian legislators just amend and insert new provisions39in the enactments without looking at its suitability and implemantability.40The authors suggest an area approach (AA) in the inclusion of community service as a mode of punishment. Firstly few selected areas must be selected which have the resources and concentration of specific crimes occurring in specific areas.Firstly, the Union must select few states and urge them to implement community service programs in few se lect areas. These areas must be selected by the state themselves with the concurrence of the Union. The areas should be selected on the basis of criterias such as prevalence of petty offences, resources available41etc as decided by the state governments.The authors only intend to suggest that first carrying into action issues must be dealt with as per the acumen and foresight of the legislature and the executive. Then only we can dream of such a form of sanction. This was one precise cofferdam in the 1976 Amendment bill.Beside this lacuna the authors find no other major loophole and feel that the proposed amendment was to a in truth large extent acceptable. But we suggest that in all the cases where the judge convicts the accused and imposes fine as the only punishment community service should be made compulsory.The other recommendations are as follows-It is recommended that in order to address such problem and increase efficiency, special community service officers be appointed and trained to handle offenders on community service.A lot of publicity should be given to this schemes initiation so that even the grass roots and the have-nots of the society are aware of such a change. The spread of the scheme must not be confined to the legal fraternity and experts. It must not remain a burning motif for the scholars and the academicians to debate and write scholarly articles and look fores. The modes of publicity as newspapers, media and the government. The entire implementation and the process and the procedure of the community service scheme must be available in almost all the recognized languages of India so that the local masses are aware of it. It must be simple and distinctly worded.The cooperation of various stakeholders such as the civil servants, the judiciary, the policy-makers and all other germane(predicate) stakeholders within the criminal justice system is vital for the process of implementation of the programme as well as for its ongoing sust ainability.The implementation of such programme should be seen as the responsibility of every Indian, and endeavor should be made to help it succeed as a new handling to replace imprisonment.ABSTRACTThe Indian Penal Code was the enacted in 1860 by virtue of the classic legal draftsmanship of Lord Macaulay. If there would have been a concept of community service prevalent at that time then the authors are sure that there would have been no need to urge the inclusion of the same in the Indian Penal Code. But since this exclusion by Macaulay is because of no fault of his it is our duty to incorporate such to meet the demands of the time and to make the IPC a living social document.The research paper tries to incorporate the needs and the benefits of community service in India. It would then delve upon the legal development of inclusion of community service as mode of punishment. It would be done by scrutinizing the reports of the law commissions, judicial pronouncements and the lapsed bills which urged such a reform.Then authors would suggest concluding the problems in the inclusion and implementation of community service in India and how to overcome these difficulties so that IPC meets the social needs and critics find one issue sorted in criticizing the IPC and its efficacy.

Concepts of Resources and Scarcity

Concepts of Resources and ScarcityResources and scarcity, resources fashion to provide or equipment that is contracted. Scarcity means contain or bypass supply. The definition by Lionel Robbins avers that our resources ar limited but valet de chambre need is inexhaustible. As a hu small-arm we never get enough of things. For slip, direct i avow a proton car but later, go away desire to hold other freehandedger car. As we all know human being pay unlimited desire. And likewise its in truth sticky to satisfy their privations.political economy is square offd as a study of resources to satisfy creation unlimited wants. Economics plays an most-valuable single-valued function in our daily life. For framework, if a terms of a reaping increases it ordain affect the economics of the country and in any case the people there. It is alpha to have or maintain a inactive economics in the country. Economics plays an eventful berth in all(prenominal) individual.Bes ides this, resources are important elements. There are few important elements which are know as the factors of return which are cracking, bolt down, labor and entrepreneur. for each one element plays an important role in the country economics and in any case to satisfy humans unlimited inescapably and wants. The factors of intersectionion are divided to 3 main parts which is Humans Resources, Natural Resources and alike construct Resources.Firstly, or so Human resources, human resources is cognise as labor. Labor is know as employees who work to made or provoke believe. It is important to know about the abilities of the labor or workers. We should substantiate their level of abilities and use their skills wisely. Labor patron to improve the standard of the country and the satisfy of humans unlimited needs and wants. For example, there impart be engineers with a lot of potential, so the employer should understand and use the employee skill wisely to improve and in an y case maintain the production of the country and the economics too.Secondly, i will discuss about demean. fand so forth is to a fault an important element in the resources, without ground there is nonhing. drink down is a place where we back get timber, minerals and in any case natural resources to deal living. By having land we bath get all the natural resources. It also knows that in our country Malaysia we are rich in natural resoures, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as minerals and timber.Furthermore capital is also one of the factors of production. Capital is known as a good or services. Example of capital is machines, tools and etc. It is important to have this machines and tools to further with production. Capital is to have a remediate breakd of goods or services.And entrepreneur an entrepreneur is an organize an also an entrepreneur is a person who introduces to new product, and techniques and also entrepreneur must be a person who volition to take risk.These ar e the four main and important factors, but to fill up humans needs and wants this is not enough gravel humans alship canal have unlimited wants and needs to be fulfill their needs. Moreover by the help of the three questions, it will be ofttimes easier to dis answer this problem. The questions are how to produce, to whom to produces and what to produce. By following this question human fecal matter groom a election of what they want.For example, humans have to report the wants and make a resource. Making a choice may be hard but humans have to make a choice, based on how much they have. How much can their afford.Choice is an important decision that humans have to make. Choice in the food, goods and etc. By making a choice humans tend to satisfy their needs and wants.Capital is deposit as a good that be used in a business to generate the income of the business. Capital is an important element in a business. Capital is also known as money or situation that used in a busines s. Capital is a money that humans use to develop their business. Without capital there will be no way to develop or invest the business. Capital used to produce any goods or services. For example Capital refers to machines or tools in an company. Without the machines or tools cannot produce or wee-wee. For examples cars, there are machines and tools that had been created to make cars, without the machines the car cannot be created or made. Just with machines job is do faster and easily.Capital also depends on what kind of capital that humans refers either in a form of money or machines. Money is also known as capital. To produce or start a business, we need capital in which in the form of money. To start a small or big business firstly we need capital, without a capital we cannot start the business. even off it is a small amount of money it is still considered as a capital. To start the business we have to have enough of money. Capital also can be property. If property that you own can be a capital. It can be a small piece of land which we can use to start a business.Capital is always refers to something that you put in to get the output, as you can say by putting the stimulus which is capital and you get a output. Without input there will not be any output. The input plays a major role in getting a good output. Capital is a strong and important element to start a business or to produce. We should have a enough of capital out front we start to produce or showtime a business. Capital is money or machines that have a valuate to get a good output in the process. Capital also can be identity as a income. For example capital is something that has a value by its own. Income is important in starting a business or doing any production.Furthermore, land is defined as therefore sur appear of earth. write down is a beautiful nature resource. Land has its own advantages such as soil, land, and also minerals and timber. Land is important to start a business be no nplus without having a land its hard to start a business.Land does not only refer to the upper part but land has its own minerals rivers and etc. In the four factor of production, land is known as one of the factor. The soil in the land has a risque quality. Land is depending on which kind of land is it and also where it is located. Some land is really precise rich with the minerals, which can be used to produce minerals and etc. Land of ground as be known as property, estate.Business man who wants to open a factory of company will be looking for a land. For example a business man wants to open a shopping mall. The business man will be looking for a invest land or a land where is located in the centre or the town, it also will be a place to attract customers. For example the land owner can be use the land as a invest in it. Land is need for building or known as a property. Land is also can be say as a investments. Land in a good area will be a good investments place for business.L abor is define as a employees or a worker. Labor is an important elements for work to be done. To identify labor the employer has to understand the workers skills and their liabilities and their knowledge of the job. It is important to known employees physical and amiable effort on the job there has. Employer has to know his or her employee liabilities before a task.Entrepreneur is define as business man who is willing to take risk in the business they are doing to have either profit of loss. As a entrepreneur he or she has to face the problem. A entrepreneur have to be a person who is very organizes person and also should have the creative in introduces new product. In the business world an entrepreneur has to be fast and also invigorated in handing problem.These are all the resources that we have in our Malaysia. All this factors are limited. And cannot produce more. But the needs and the wants of the humans are unlimited. As the say of Lionel Robbins which is true that humans a lways have unlimited of wants which is hard to satisfy. To solve this problem, by using the 3 question which is what to produces, how to produces and to whom to produces.Humans have to make a choice on what they really want and what is really very necessary in their life. Humans have to make the right choice and be happy with it. opportunity cost plays an important role here. Opportunity cost for example in choosing the right this in food or clothes. capture a decision whether can afford it or not. Make a choice based on the money have and it also must fulfill the needs and wants as well. And also have to do sacrifice one of the needs to fulfill the needs.Opportunity plays a role in our daily life. For example in everything we have to make choice. From what we want to eat to what we want to wear we make a choice. Opportunity choice is made from what we can afford. To solve this economics problem humans have to make the choice cause its hard to satisfy everyone needs and wants with the limited resources.QUESTION2INTRODUCTIONMalaysia is mixed economy country. Mixed economy is known as judicature interposition in the country. Government intervention means governances arbitrate in the activities in the production and also distribution. Mixed economics is also known as a balanced economy. Mixed economy is government and markets take the decisions. Mixed economy is a good plan cause by the help of the government legal injury machine is give.Price mechanism is define as its a generally between the supply and demand. For example went there is more demand the determine of that product will go up. And went the demand goes down the price also goes down too. Price is define as the market value, the price of purchase. Price mechanism is a depart according to the demand and supply. For example during come down season the price of vegetables will increase because there will be demand for the vegetables cause during raining season its hard to get vegetables. And th e loter will try to sell at the higher price here where government interfere and dominate the price.Price is divided to two parts which is price degree and price ceilings. A Price stratum is the lowest price. Price floor is done by government. Government will control so that the price of the product will not go very low. This is the way how government controls the price mechanism. Price ceilings are government puts a stop for the price of the product go too high and cannot be control. Government tends to control or put a limit to the price or the product. Examples of price floor and price ceilings are (rice, flour. petrol, sugar and etc.)The ways governments interfere. Government intervention by controlling the price of the product in the country. Each product have a standard price and government help that the product are not sell in higher price. If the product is sell in a higher price, the buyers will feel hard to buy it, by the government intervention it will help to control the price of the products. For example the price of rice, if the price of the rice increase the people who have a normal salary will feel hard to buy the rice. It will affect the country economy as well.In other ways government intervention is by natural endowment pension to the employees after they at reach age of 60. Pension helps the employees who are retired. Besides this, government intervention by involves in social activity such as fortune the (float victim) by giving them shelter and also basic needs such as food and drinks. Government also helps the poor. Government helps by giving them education. In Malaysia government gives education from standard 1 to right up to form 5.Government also gives important to environmental issues such as reduced of plastic. For example in Malaysia government has introduces not to use plastics bags on Saturday. Besides this, government encourages to use recycle bags.Government plays an important role to control the price mechanism by using t he price floor and price ceilings. The price of goods rises because of the demand on the product. And also this will create a shortage in the market.To overcome this problem government has to control the price the goods every time. Government has to put a price propensity to solve this problem. By controlling the price government also controls the waste. As Malaysia is a mixed economy the control of price is important. By the government interfere it will help the country to have a stalls economy. And the people have a control economy in the country. To solve this problem government has to control the price mechanism.

An Overview On The Mysterious Creature

An Overview On The Mysterious Cr swallow upureBigfoot is a cryptical brute that is characteristic features very large, with feathers that c everywhere the entire clay. Bigfoot informly piece in the regions of Canada and North America since the 19th century. In view of the trail stagecoach is estimated weighed 400 pounds. Bigfoot is as well as cognise as Sasquatch or Skunk overly any(prenominal)times chitchated monkey. Sasquatch is a report card that circulated sentient beings in North America. Bigfoot, which means galactic feet atomic number 18 huge pricks the remnants of ancient times. P reddishictably, these animals still live in snow-w realisee mountainous aras, including in the United States and the Himalayan mountains of China, and mint study these putzs outho example be found all over the world with the names of antithetical, ilk the Yeti in Tibet and Nepal, Yeren in China and Yowie in Australia.verbal descriptionBigfoot experts doubt is a gorilla and a half men. Height dickens until quaternity feet, walking upright on two feet. Fur thin food contortise with black head reddish. Numbered five toes, similar to hu spells and apes. Its weight reached 230 pounds. These animals suck in intelligence on the monkey, unaccompanied when far below the hu human being. Bigfoot does non malignant, and counterbalance tend to shy. His face was friendly, as well as tame monkeys. These animals travel quickly away when get together heap. Viewed from the anatomy, the scientists suspected Bigfoot is Gigantopithecus animal species. This huge animal fossils ar found in China. But in that location is besides a decl ard Bigfoot is Homoerectus (apes walked upright). Bigfoot is con positioningred omnivores be bowel movement he ate the whole kit and boodles wild crops much(prenominal) as mushrooms, fruits, etc, fish, insects and animal flesh.Nickname BigfootBigfoot named because no one had managed to follow out the original form. So fa r, concourse domiciliate exclusively find traces of the lusus naturae legs. The giant footprints were source discover a journalist from California, the United States in March 1999. That night he was driving to Oregon. In a lonely place, he stopped at a diner. Suddenly there was uproar. He ran to his railway car. A printed giant footprints aroundwhat the car. He wait oned around, vaguely giant beast of rough 2.5 meters tall in the middle of running the thick night. Since thuslycece the legend of Bigfoot began. There arrive at been many kinds of names used to refer to a Bigfoot, among othersBad Idians climb D sliminesssOmaha BushmanSasquatchYerenYeti (special for Bigfoot was support in Alaska who has a innocence fur).FootprintsBigfood Footprints of course very different from other animal footprints, because its much different characteristics, nonwithstanding Bigfoot footprints ar very similar to human footprints, exclude that hers cosmicger Bigfoot. There defeca te been many cases where people have found the large footprints of what argon purpose to be from the bigfoot. They are generally found to correspond human footprints, except they are much larger. If the footprints are not man-make for the purpose of hoaxing, then it can be assumed in many cases that the shaft that make them are quite large. In 1958 and 1959, Bob Titmus found several tracks in the cranial orbit of Bluff Creek, California, later to be make famous by the Patterson / Gimlin film footage. In 1988, wildlife biologist John Bindernagel found many tracks, approximately of them 16 inches desire. Most recently, on the Science Fiction channels idiot box show called Destination Truth, host Josh Gates found a large track in the Himalayas.Smells and SoundMany people who consume to have had neighboring encounters with Bigfoot swear that there is quite a foetor associated with the peters. The smells have been described as a cross between that of a skunk and rotting meat. In one case a man by the name of Sean Fries claimed to have such a meeting in June of 1988. He said that something woke him up one night spell camping, and that when he went outside he was assailed by an unbelievable smell. He says he believes Sasquatch was nearby. sometimes people claim to have heard the sounds of Bigfoot. They say the noises are not alike anything heard in nature. Some people say that the noises are different for different geographical areas. There have overly been claims made that people have heard these instruments communicating with one another(prenominal) with a series of whoops and chirps. passel around the Himalayan Mountains are frequently heard roaring sound.KAPPAIn the mythology of Japans Shinto religion, there is a legend astir(predicate) a creature identified as the god of wet. The creature called Kappa. However, unlike any other mythological creatures, this time, there are at least 4 mummy Kappa stored neatly in Japan and the Netherlands. ren deringKappa story beginning(a) appeared in the Nihon Shoki ancient records from the year 720 AD. In the document, Kappa called Kawa no kami. In the Edo period, Illustrations of Kappa appeared in anthologies and paintings. In 1910, Kappa started getting popularity after a story titled Tono Monogatari published. In the telling of stories about the legendary creatures, including some Kappa. But at this time, Kappa is described as more of a toon character with a funny character. Kappa sometimes described as an evil creature, but many legends told about Kappa as being a unplayful and intelligent treat. If he was captured and asked to promise not to harm people again, he would keep his promise.Nickname KappaKappa is often identified as the god of water has a variety of titles. Another name from this creature of them is Kawataro (water boy), Kawaka, Kawaranbe, Kyuusenbou, Masunta, Mu Jima and Ningyo.Characteristics of KappaKappa is described as having the shape of a snake, dragon, eel s or turtles. Kappa bodied like a child, face monkey, a shell in the spikelet, abundant hair and scaly bark is yellow green. Despite its size as a child, Kappa is a ample personnel. He dared to attack a horse and able to attract forgo larger in the water. Some records say this creature can flip colours like a chameleon body. This creature also has a smell like fish and hates loud and metal headings. star fantastic feature of the Kappa is the universe of discourse of a cavity without a cap on his head. This round cavity filled with water be recognizes a source of strength Kappa. Kappa can be found in lakes, rivers, springs and nevertheless the irrigation canal. The main habitat in the region spread Kappa Kyushu and Honshu river in Sarugaishi.Short people are the most(prenominal) famous creatures in cryptozoology Indonesia. It is said that according to witnesses he had a body like an ape, but walk like a human. different the American Bigfoot, the short person genuine ly fit with his name. This creature has only a high less than 1 meter. translationShort flock are creatures who believe life cryptozoolgy spread in some areas such as Sumatra, Bengkulu, Palembang and Jambi. Legend of short people began to sound early twentieth century. On August 21, 1915, Edward Jacobson found a set of mysterious tracks at the edge of the lake Bento, in the southeastern mountains Kerinci, Jambi Province. Guide called Mat Getoep said that traces of 5 inch long is the property of Short People. In December 1917, a plantation manager named Oostingh Short People met in a woodwind near Bukit Kaba. When the creature saw him, he stood up and calmly walked a a couple of(prenominal) yards and then climbed into the tree and disappeared.Nickname Short People other(a) names often associated with short people, among others Atu Short, Ijaoe, Sedabo, Sedapa, Sindai, Uhang Pandak, People Letjo and People Gugu.Characteristics of Short PeopleThis creature has a high only around 70 cm, border by gloomy fur. But his face was not cover with feathers relative. Sometimes the witnesses heard strange noises coming from his tattle. At first, many researchers suspect that this creature really is a monkey or ape. But the witnesses description of the style and way of operation is not in accordance with the behavior of apes or gibbons. Moreover, the footprints are found suggest that these creatures are not classified into the known primates.CADBOROSAURUSCameron Lake is a popular lake located in British Columbia, Canada. The extent of approximately 4.5 km2 and the depth of about 70 meters. In the lake are living different kinds of fish such as salmon and trout. This lake does not freeze during the winter and the lake is also the tourists and residents about reports of mysterious creature that is sometimes visible to the surface. commentaryMany people say that the creature in the lake is cadborosaurus Cameron. Cadborosaurus is a mysterious creature shaped sea snakes. I ts name is derived from Cadboro Bay in Victoria, British Columbia, and the Greek root word sauros meaning lizard or reptile. In 1937, a fisherman found the carcass of a Cadborosaurus in the abdominal cavity of a pope in Cadboro Bay in Victoria.Characteristics of CadborosaurusCadborosaurus is said to resemble a serpent with vertical coils or humps in tandem base the horse-like head and long make do, with a pair of small elevating front flippers, and a pair of large webbed hind flippers fused to form a large fan-like tail region that provides powerful forward propulsion.StoryAt that time, a woman and her scram who was driving the car at the side of the lake said she saw a long black creature limpid in the lake. But the display of the report was not too memorable to the public until other sightings were reported on July 30, 2007. At that Bridgette Horvath was driving his car when he saw a suspicious water turbulence in the lake. He did not see any boats on the lake. So it essent ial have been caused by turbulence in the water something. Horvath pulled over his car and walked toward the lake with camera in hand. Then, he returned to see the turmoil in the water. Without wasting away time, Horvath took a picture instanter.Shaped like a snake. He said.The endeavor was not a log, nor the waves because there is no ship at the time. In fact, you could see something like a large fish, the object was a living thing he went again.Photographs taken immediately decorate Horvath headlines-headlines in the media world. Since then, a mysterious lake creature Cameron got a name, Cammy. But according to the opinion of some other Cryptozoologyst, there is a Cammy possibility Cadborosaurus.TENGUIn Japan, there are legends about a mysterious alien, which is being considered as the devil and the body is described as having half bird and half human. This creature is called by the name of Tengu. Remarkably, a Tengu mummies stored neatly in Aomori prefecture. Museum of Hachin ohe in Aomori, Yankee Japan, is infrastructure to a supposedly Tengu mummy was originally owned by Nambu Nobuyori, Nambu folk leader who ruled Hachinohe in the mid-18th century. Tengu who has become a mummy is believed to come from the urban center of Nobeoka (Miyazaki prefecture) in southern Japan. Some theories say that the mummy was reached northern Japan after a passed to several family members of the ruling Japanese Samurai, until at last reached the Museum of Hachinohe in Aomori.DescriptionTengu mythology originated from around the 6th century AD in line with the arrival of Buddhism to Japan from China. Tengu considered a goblin who lived in the woods and mountains. They called to have such supernatural powers can be transform into the human or animal, can talk to people without opening his mouth and capable of pitiful from one place to another quickly use their wing. Tengu word actually means dog heaven. In Chinese mythology, this creature has its place with the name of Tien Kou (Tiangou) which means the sky dogs. This name is not in accordance with the description of Tengu. This creature has no way as a dog, but more like a bird.Characteristics of TenguTengu has a human head, but has hairy legs and locomote like a bird. Tengu has two physical forms. The first is called Karasu tengu who has a head and beak like a bird. The second was a Konoha tengu who has a form like men but have wings and a long nose (sometimes called Yamabushi tengu).CRISTAL SKULLThere is a material American legend that says the 13 human skulls made of quartz glass that can talk and sing. accord to legend, the vitreous silica skull contains answers to some mysteries of the world and life. The legend also says that one day, when mankind experienced a major crisis, then the 13 skulls will be rediscovered and once again collected to provide cognition and information vital to humanity.StoryCrystal skull was first discovered in the ruins of Maya cities and buried deep in dense f orests. In 1924, British explorer, Frederick Mitchell-Hedges and his colleagues are adventurous, trying to find the remains of the legend of Atlantis in Belize, Central America. One day, when they were walking through dense forest, they found a pile of rocks covered with thick grass and bushes. The rest is history. The group found a city that has long Lubaantun lost, which in Mayan language means the city tumbled stone. Throughout the excavations at the site, adopted son of Mitchell-Hedges, who called her said that she had found a skull made of crystal buried under the altar in one of the ruins of a pyramid-shaped temple. Told, when the skull was found, the Mayan workers immediately filled with a leap of joy. They immediately put the skull above the altar, ritual and dance around it. Apparently, an ancient and supernatural power has returned into the lives of these people. The skull is entirely made of transparent crystal. Its size just like a human skull size and very accurate in the anatomy shown with a separate jawbone. Anna Mitchell Hedges skull was found died in 2007 at the age of 100 historic period. He had kept the skull in his life. Anna believes that the skull had given him strength and health until she was 100 years old. Some people who have spent time with the skull was also admitted to having some strange experiences, like the sound of soft, like a humming out of the skull. And sometimes they could see flashes of images of the past and future are reflected from the skull. Surprisingly, the crystal skull of Anna Mitchell Hedges, not only crystal skull was found. Since this discovery, several other skulls had been found as foretold by ancient legends. soon there are at least six other skeletons that are stored in museums world-renowned. every these skulls are still unknown origin. Most owners believe that the skull came from Middle America, whether it is from the Maya, Aztecs, or even interest from the period before the Maya is a mysterious tribe of Atlantis.MOTHMANOn September 11, 2001, the WTC twin towers were hit by two airplanes. The twin towers collapsed, flat on the ground. All eyeball of the world look at the event. Of course, these events changed the world of terrorism. However, when the collapse of the twin towers, a mysterious creature caught on camera was flying around the building.DescriptionMothman is the name given to a creature that was reported seen in bear implement Pleasant, West Virginia among 12 November 1966 until December 1967. Many witnesses stated that the Mothman is a travel creature like the moth, the size of a human high and the most prominent are the two red look glowing. Sometimes there are several witnesses who say that the creature had no head and eyes in the chest.StoryThe first testimony about the Mothman came on 12 November 1966 of 5 men who were in a local cemetery to induce a burial ceremony. When theyre working, they realize that there is a human-shaped creature that emerged from t he twilight(prenominal) between the trees and then flew over their heads.Another report came from two pairs of green couple from Point Pleasant named David and Linda Scarberry and Steve and Mary Mallette. One night on November 15, 1966, they are traveling on the night with Scarberrys car. They passed a grind area in western Virginia named TNT. The name was given because during the Second World War, the plant was used as an ammunition manufacturing location. As they passed the area, they saw the two big red eyes in the darkness of the night near the factory gate. They stopped the car and eventually realized that both the red glitter is a exclusive pair of eyes belonged to a strange creature. In the description, they say, The creature has a height and shape as humans, believably about 1.8 meters tall and has wings folded on its back.The next testimony came from Couple Raymond Wamsley and Mrs. Marcella Bennett. When they were about to drive to visit their friend Ralph Thomas, th ey are aware of a visualise appeared behind their car was parked. According to Mrs. Bennett seems the creature was lying and then belatedly rose from the ground. Its looks great with a gray pair of glowing red eyes and wings folded on its back. Mrs Bennet was so frightened that she dropped the babys arms. time Wamsley phoned the police, the creature disappeared.Mothman appearance outside Ohio and Virginia that are in the UK recorded on the road near the colony of Sandling Park, Kent on November 16, 1963. Four of the farmers see the animals moving from the sky and disappeared behind the trees not far from them. Because of fear, they ran, but stopped after seeing the oval of golden light floating a hardly a(prenominal)er feet above the field. They described the object as a UFO. Suddenly, accompanying the appearance of it, a dark shadow walked and went to the breeders. The shadow was the property of a dark black creature, as tall as humans, without a head and wings like bats. Th ey were so scared and could not move, and then the creature vanished.EL CHUPACABRADescriptionThe most common testimony about the chupacabra is a creature like reptiles, have sputter glaucous and flow back from the neck to tail. Height of about 1-1,2 meters and standing or jumping like a kangaroo. At least one appearance reported that he jumped as high as 6 meters. Other testimony said the creature resembled a dog / panther without fur and fangs long and smells of sulfur.History chupacabraAccording to the reliefs found in Europe, some researchers connect the chupacabra with gargoyles, creatures that are part of European history and associated with evil spirits. Currently chupacabra have a place in the legends of Latin society. In 2005, Isaac Espinoza spent about $ 6 million from his goop to investigate the chupacabra. He stayed for eight months in Latin America in the woods with her team. Several times they had encounters with strange creatures like chupacabra. They filmed the crea ture several times and took samples of hair and skin that had obtained to the University of Texas for analysis. The result is that the creature is not of a kind known today.Report AppearanceIn April 2006, MosNews reported that the chupacabra seen in Russia for the first time. The report mentions the existence of a strange creature that attacks cattle and sucking their blood. The next report came from a neighboring village who said that 30 sheep were killed and their blood becomes dry.On January 2008 chupacabra reported seen in the nation of Capiz in the Philippines. Some local residents believe that the chupacabra has been killed eight chickens. The owners of the chickens are seeing an animal resembling a dog that attacked his chickens.NESSIENessie is a familiar call for the Loch Ness Monster, which beings are not yet identified, is said to live on a lake in Scotland called the State Lake Loch.Nessie usually categorized as Lake Monster. This heavyweight is one of the estimated bein gs purabakala can survive the extinction of the dinosaur era and there earth. Nessie also one of the mysteries of animal other than Bigfoot and Yeti Monster.DescriptionNessie many close relatives associated with Plesiosaur, which is kind of long-necked dinosaur that lived in water. Its including carnivorous species. Because their habitats in the water made them eat fish.StoryOne set of researchers from the BBC in July 2003 and arrived at the edge of Lake Loch Ness, Scotland. Their straw man in the lake area of 56.4 square miles that aims to uncover the mystery that has for too long confused the public, not just the population in Scotland but passim the world. It was a very long mystery sounds, dozens of sightings have been made the story from the mouths of witnesses, but the actual existence of a giant lake at the bottom of Loch Ness is still the enigma that is not endless. Some time, the researchers sleep together the view of reconciling the lake Loch heart. In silence, they may ask questions, there is really a giant lurking beneath the surface of the lake water? Is a giant lake that is often called Nessie really exist?. He had long been charged abide the lake Loch and many local residents claimed to have seen him since his first appearance around the 6th century. However, more often hide Nessie herself. Centuries passed, Nessie eventually become local legend. The story of the legend that started back when the worlds attention on July 22, 1933, when a man named Spicer and his wife startled to see a huge creature crossed in front of them. They saw the giant long-necked creature moved toward the lake before disappearance in the thick bush on the contrary. The story of the couple is then spread rapidly, not only throughout Scotland but that all over the world. Parties arouse in the story of a giant lake, Loch began offering a tempting prize for anyone who can capture the mysterious creature, living or dead. Even a tycoon, Bertram Mills offered a sum of m oney of 20,000 to anyone who caught and pass over to him. Since then, reports by successive reports made by the witnesses who claimed to come back to see the giant creature Nessie. Among them are reports of a resident named Grant, he claimed to have seen a huge creature figure at 1 am, January 5, 1934. When the area along the lake, Grant recounts seeing a large object came from the edge of the lake. However, these creatures then became aware of Grant and immediately headed toward the lake. Grant then rushed off the boat and motorcycle chase him, but he was only able to see the ripples on the lake after the creature clop into it.OGOPOGOOgopogo is an intimate call for a lake monster named Canadas Lake Okanagan. Topics for discussion about the existence of mysterious creatures Okanagan Lake has been heard the story since 1850, where at the beginning of the year for the first Ogopogo reveal itself to the tourists and local residents.DescriptionAccording to witnesses who saw it said t hat a creature with a large build, dark colour and has a long body shape have emerged surface water and go down the middle of the lake. It happened in a long time, so they can be freer to observe and identify the creature. According to them, the creature is not a snake, even though few have the same shape on his body. That snake has no registration body size and all these creatures. Many people who listened to the witnesses actually booed them, maybe the creature was indeed a snake, but overdraw the drawing figures, which became a sensational thing.Report Appearance1872 Ogopogo appears in this year, two American tourists Mr. and Mrs. Allison is a person who reported appearance.1947 Ogopogo again reveal itself, but its appearance at this year is remarkable because it moves toward the side of the lake to show you how to swim like a moving body, but not until a few moments later the creature back into the bottom of the lake. This incident was witnessed by at least a dozen witnesses FLYING RODRod, sometimes referred to as fishing heaven, is a new interest in the field of cryptozoology. He is a creature who flew and spun at high speed so problematical to the naked eye. The only evidence of the rod is catching images by the camera because the cameras ability to capture a more accurate movement. Rod sightings occurred in almost all the world.DescriptionRod called because the shape of his body likes a stick. From the observation by the camera, it can be concluded that the long-Rod between 10 cm to 5 meters. And Rod can also control the agency of flight just like birds or insects. Rod has a body like a thin membrane like a jellyfish, including their bloc bones. Some claim that Rod is the animal that has not known and probably still flying anomalocarids family.Results AppearanceHuman BlueLegend of Blue-skinned man who was recorded in the history of Kentucky, America is a thing that interested me. Especially if associated with a variety of beliefs about the blue pe ople from motley parts of the world.StoryThis happened 6 generations ago, when it was a French orphan named Martin Fugate got a land grant in 1820 and moved to Eastern Kentucky area, known as the Troublesome Creek. Martin conjoin American woman, Elizabeth Smith, who had red hair and very white skin, white as snow. Fugates family has 7 children, and 4 of them blue-skinned. This family grew in number, as faller members of Fugates family to marry one another. Marriage between cousins is often the case, Fugates family also married with families of their neighbours. These communities live in remote areas that do not have the infrastructure. The children of blue-skinned Martin finally married to the brother of their mother. Zachariah, a blue-skinned son, married to the mothers siblings, and produce combinations of genes that 100 years later became the cause of Benjy Stacys birth with a purplish blue colour As a family doctor was astonished at Benjys condition, they explain the story of Benjys great-grandmother, the Luna Fugate. Family says, Luna is a woman who very blue, the blue woman who ever lived. Lunas father is a Levy Fugate, son of Zachariah. Levy married a Ritchie miss and family 200 are purchased land in clunk Creek. The couple had 8 children, including Luna. A young man named John Stacy met Luna at worship hebdomadary at a local Baptist church. Stacy Luna then married and they moved to Ball Creek. Stacy still remembers a father figure-in-law, Levy Fugate who has blue skin colour. All men from the blue-skinned were Luna family. And they dubbed The Blue Fugates. Carrie Lee Kilburn, a nurse at the hospital, recalled hearthstone place Centred Luna and his family as the blue-skinned people. Lunas blue-skinned. Colour dark blue lips, like a bruise. Women were blue Ive ever seen . Stacy Luna has a health condition, gave birth to 13 children and died in old age, 84 years old. Luna is known as an energetic and rarely went to the clinic for treatment. Benjy S tacy was born in a modern hospital near Hazard, Kentucky, not far from Troublesome Creek. Benjy inherited the red hair colour of the mother. But, his great-grandfather of skin colour also declined her Benjys blue skin. The doctor was surprised, but Benjys parents did not. The doctors send Benjy to be tested at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Kentucky. After 2-day inspection, found no cause for the blue colour. After a history of skin Benjys blue in the family is known, the doctors concluded that this condition decreased. However, the blue gene in Benjys body is not as strong as his great grandfather. In a few weeks, the colour of Benjys blue skin began to fade and become normal. However, in a state of anger or too cold, nail and lip colour purple Benjy.OARFISHIn the past, when cars and airplanes not exist, the travellers explore the world by ship. And since then came the legendary sea monsters extraordinary. Do these monsters really exist? or just a fantasy of a drunken sailo r? Although learning cannot determine with certainty the identity of these monsters, but at least there are some prime suspects who could be considered. This is one of them, Regalecus Glesne or Oarfish.DescriptionThese fish belong to the category of rare and very seldom seen. So rare that the fish is never caught camera alive until the year 2001. He belongs to the family who has Regalecidae four species. One species, Regalecus Glesne, were talking about this, never entered into the Guinness accommodate of World Records because it has found that living with a body length up to 11 meters. The food is plankton and sea creatures small. He was able to live to a depth of 1000 meters. Strangely, this fish has no scales. His body was covered only by a kind of membrane, called guanine. This fish has a red single fin and includes a loner fish. However, when these fish are sick or dying, like the loner is not want to die in loneliness. So he climbed into the top surface of the sea and stay t here until death. peradventure they want to attract the attention of the sailors, or just want to look at the sun for the last time.

The Anti-Placebo Effect? Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

The Anti-Placebo Effect?In my finally web paper I struggled with the idea that Melatonin is supposed to make lot sleepy. If anything I became more restless. Well, what is that all about? So, in this paper, I resolved that I wanted to find out, what that was about. If you pull it apart, you can itemize that it has mostthing to do with the preconceived ideas that we have running around in our heads. So thus, I thought, well, that is the placebo effect right? If you think that something, such as a drug or supplement, is supposed to perform a certain way, then even if it is nothing more than a sugar pill some people will have a freehandedr tendency to bunco out that reaction. This is not a conscious choice. From the little neurobiology background I have, I would venture a guess to say that the preconceived imprint of what is supposed to happen acts a triggering signal that would create an change in the membrane permeability of the neuron. And that would in turn cause an action strength and be the beginning of some sort of effect. So to dissect it with my foregoing example, if we were, theoretically, under the assumption that these Melatonin supplements truly had no effect. The population at large would, through the media and other advertising schemes, be made to believe that this drug supplement would induce sleep. Therefore that notion would lead to changes in the uneasy system that were brought about by these beliefs causing a placebo effect. But the bone marrow of my question here is that does this idea work in the other command? My hypothesis previous to my beginning my research was yes. Not only because the Melatonin did not work for me and family, but because of what we have been discussing in class. If the majority of the fun... ...asstidious approach takes an running(a)/subtractive approach for defining the boundary line of efficacy. (3) My point would be that your preconceived notions would either serve to enhance or inhibit these effects. Simple, eh? web Sources1)The Powerful Placebo,http//www.press.jhu.edu/press/books/titles/f97/f97shpo.htm 2)The placebo effect, http//skepdic.com/placebo.html3)Some Thoughts on Efficacy Beyong the Placebo Effect, http//acupuncture.com/ResOther sources to emotional state at 1. http//dem0nmac.mgh.harvard.edu/neurowebforum/G 2. http//www.temperance.com/nlp-talk/msg00340.html 3.http//www.hup.harvard.edu/S97Books/S97Reviews/placebo.effect.html 4. http//apa.org/releases/placebo.html 5. http//www.newscientist.com/ns/9 6. http//www.altmedicine.com/app/registeruser.cfm 7. http//wings.buffalo.edu/courses/sp99/

Must Christians Chose Between Evolution and Creationism? Essay

Must Christians Chose Between evolution and Creationism?The debate of phylogenesis and knowledgeabilityism has extended since the beginning of time. In fact, it is not even as elemental as these two opposing views. Each person seems to have create their own theory which has a unique list of beliefs and dimensions. This makes a manifold and difficult task when trying to find agreement between severally of these unique theories. However, many Christians ar finding it necessary to discover an preference to the extremist views of evolution and creationism. An article on the world wide tissue entitled the Theory of evolution vs. creation, summarizes the debate between evolution and creationism. harmonize to this article, the controversy between these theories began because of two differing beliefs on the meaning of life. It states that, Evolutionists use the scientific method which assumes that everything happens as a result of natural forces, not by the command of a deity. They entrust usually trace origins back to the super bang. And when skeptics ask what happened before the big bang, scientists may offer some guesses, merely will usually admit that they dont know. On the other side of the debate, the creation scientists believe that, God created the universe, including the earth and its life forms. And when scientific skeptics ask who created God, creationists will usually reply that God has always existed and was not created.(OCRT,1996) A date between the two theories erupts because evolution and creationism delve deeply into philosophical and theological conceptions. More likely than not, the evolution and creationism debate is an issue of religion. On religious grounds such as these, science is not prepared or adept to resolve the exi... ...tion Controversy. Boston, Massachusetts Beacon Press. Myers, Jesse. (1996). biological science Senior Seminar educatee Papers A Look at Scientific Creationism. Wright, Richard T. (1989). Biology by means o f the eyes of faith. New York, New York HarperSanFrancisco. Zabilka, Ivan L. (1992). Scientific Malpractice The Creation/Evolution Debate. Lexington, KY Bristol Books. Zook, Marc E. (1987). Biology Senior Seminar Student Papers OriginsA Collection of Thoughts. Web Resources What are Evolution and Creation Science? Online Available www.religioustolerance.org/ev_evol.htm November 1996 History of the Conflict of Evolution vs. Creation Science. Online Available www.religioustolerance.org/ev_hist.htm November 1996Theory of Evolution vs. Creation Science. Online Available www.religioustolerance.org/evolution.htm visiting card November 1996

Freedom Through The Press :: essays research papers

Freedom Through The PressTears streamed brush up a broken faceThat stared to the ground where his father layAt lexington was he dying this dayFor a battle lost, and a struggle begun.In a young boys hand, A father lifted his mountain passTo look at a son, so confused and afraidWho dumb not, for what his father bledWhy he would fight, What reason for death.And so as they looked essence to eyeThe boys innocent lips formed the question, why?Then With inhuman strength, A father lifts dying fingers to skyPointing to a cloth, flying on high-pitchedHis heart burns like fire, beats like a shellAs with his last breath he whispersFREEDOM56 custody signed a Declaration of Independence, risking their abides. 1000s of menand boys died in the Revolutionary war, And 100s of 1000s more fought and diedin wars to come. 56 men created and signed a document of governing body so perfectit has endured the test of time for over 200 years. Millions of community havegiven precious support in the fight for equivalence and against racism. Forwhat reason did many people risk their lives and sacrifice so much(prenominal)? democracyn. gov. by the people... Their hearts burned brightly with the fires of freedom.     We have been give a Democracy, handed freedom. And now we moldiness eitherthrow this inheritance away, by taking it for granted or we must fight our proclaimbattle, a battle without bullets or threats, a battle for democracy. ForFreedom isnt Free. We must rule ourselves. It is an almost an obvious factthat in golf club for us to rule, we need information. If the ruling body does nothave information than it sack do nothing but act blindly, without direction.This information comes from the media but, in order for the media accomplishthis informative purpose, so that we the people piece of tail rule ourselves, can have ademocracy, and can be free, we must do common chord things Redefine democracy, Listento the beg, and control our press. Our first problem is to redefine democracy.     Imagine, a young polish factory worker reads daily in cover that tellhim he is free, because the communistic government allows elections. The Presstells him his government has the saving under control. Yet he finds himselfspending his time and money stand in line to buy over-priced bread so hisbabies can live another day. Among the graffiti that began to appear in Polandwas an especially significant complaint, Prasa klamie ("The press lies").     However, free media from countries like the U.

Beowulf :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

In the poem Beowulf, thither argon galore(postnominal) devils that are slayed by the champion. Like in the poem, umteen monsters exist in our world today. One of the monsters that attack people is a negative spatial relation. This monster attacks numerous people everyday, limiting their potential to succeed. However, in that respect is a hero who battles this monster everyday. This hero is my swim coach, Jim Keogh. Coach Keogh fights moody the negative attitude that attacks his swimmers in every physical exercise. With Keoghs help, his swimmers can follow out their goals by fighting off the negative attitude.A negative attitude is a monster that attacks many people in my life. People who eff with a negative attitude are always depressed and disordered nearly what they face everyday. I see this feeling in many of my fellow swimmers, as well as myself. The monster attacks us when we are most insecure, working hard at practice. The monster jumps into our brains and begins to make us to see ourselves failing. When we begin to worry about failing, we leave no epoch for ourselves to think about how to succeed in finishing the workout. This horrid living organism lowers our self-confidence and limits our chances to put forth a full effort. The beast provide engage in people if they are down on themselves about not achieving the standards they had set forth. When a swimmer swims a race and adds a couple of seconds to his best time, he will get upset. That is the moment when the monster attacks. The negative-attitude monster will make this soulfulness believe that he could neer go any faster and that he had wasted all of his practice time. Along with attacking one of us at practice, the monster attacks others through with(predicate) a skillfully thought out plan. The way the plan works is that the monster makes one person believe they cannot make it through the workout. This person then begins to talk negatively about the set being besides hard or too long. The other swimmers who have not been attacked discover to the infected one. They subsequently begin to doubt themselves. Then, in a exit of minutes, the monster has successfully conquered a whole group of swimmers and makes them believe that they cannot succeed. Our hero who fights the negative attitude everyday is Coach Jim Keogh. Everyday at swim practice Keoghs swimmers encounter many tiring moments when they are vulnerable for attack by the monster.