The New Subjects in Romantisism

During the amatory Period there seemed to be revolution in the air. The American Revolution and the French Revolution of 1789 had a great impact on literary productions of the late 18th and earliest nineteenth centuries. This impact can be seen finished step to the fore Romantic literature plainly especi exclusively toldy in the argona of natural subjects. Before the 19th century authors tended to write about the aristocratic class. in that respect was nonhing write for or about the common people. There are three areas in which the discussion will focus upon in the area of new subjects. The start-off area will focus on the children, the befriend will be women, and the third will be the new attitude towards God.The Romantic gunpoint strongly emphasized the lives of children. Authors writing at that time did non expert look at children playing alfresco provided within very life situations. Writing started to be explored in the language of the common man. The topics pr esented by closely of these writers appealed to the general public. Today, the area of children within literary workings does non seem revolutionary. At this time, however, there were no writings that reflected the everyday lives of children.The commencement exercise important numbers in the Romantic period with regards to children is by William Blake, The chimney Sweep. This poem focuses upon the tremendous abuse of children during this time. This poem portrays trances of death throughout were completely of them lockd up in coffins of black(Norton 31). This quote catches the readers attention with a vision of death. These children talked of death very candidly because they died young. The sweeper almost inevitably would bring died before he even knew how to live life. They worked in horrible industry conditions with no sign of relief because there were no labor laws. These children generally died from consumption of the fumes within the shaft or by an accident.We are Sev en by William Wordsworth refers frequently to children. This poem is told from the perspective of a seven-year-old girl. A young girl as the center of the poem would have been inaudible of in earlier periods. The little girl has a br different and a sister who have died. The girl shows the reader the presence of an otherwise reality. The hearing could non have understood this new reality we before the incoming of a childs perspective. The child has seven people in the family but deuce are dead. The little girls reality is different than the readers. She believes her family members are with her even though they are authentically dead. These both poems impacted the populace to be oral sexful of the exploitation of children and their understandings of the world.Frankenstein also addresses the concept of children in literature. bloody shame Shelly does it on some(prenominal) occasions. The branch reference to children in the book is when achievers brother is killed. Only in t he Romantic Period do readers see the concept of death of children. also on another occasion within the novel the talk centers on children migrating because of war. In earlier novels the role of children was not predominant.Another area in which the Romantic writings were opened were the writings on and by women. The most influential work would be Mary Wolstonecrafts work The Vindication of The Rights of Woman. There are many another(prenominal) points that are brought to light within this work. Wolstonecraft calls for the education of all people, including women. She does not want to educate women for the amusement of men, but for intellectual stimuli. She tires to conclude for womens education in a subtle itinerary. She argues for the education of women to be for the overture of the populace.Wolstonecraft tries to make the point that the education of women would be in a estim sufficient light. She argues that the education of women would create stability within the home. Hus bands and wives will be able to hold a substantive conversation they will become the friend, and not the humble dependant of her husband(Norton 113). Wollstonecraft was able to write in this musical mode because she herself was educated. Her relationship with her husband was one of a mutual affection not a necessity, and he was not threatened by this.Women threatened other contemporary males during this time. As seen here from a journal called Gentlemans Magazine in April 1799In the general confusion of likings, religious, moral, and political, we are not surprised to father claims set up for the female sex, unsupported we must say by prescription, but we are justified in saying by reason. Mrs. R. avows herself of the school of Wollstonecroft and that is enough for all who have any regard to decency, order, or prudence, to avert her company. She has traveled for her improvement and what are the blessed fruits of her travels? Let the motley constitute of heroines subjoined to t his letter, and the anecdotes of female characters, of all descriptions, interspersed in it, speak for themselves. (Randall 1)This is an illustration of how men mat at this time. This also shows that not everyone was inclined to recognize the new subjects. (The Mrs. R refers to Mary Robinson a contemporary of Wolstonecraft)One of the most intriguing works we read was The Lady of Shalott. This poem was in long form but it captured life in a different light. The poem depicts women looking at life only through a mirror. She watches her whole existence through the mirror, until she finally needs to see with her own eyes what has happened. The meaning of this poem can be interpreted in many ways. One way is that woman are watching the world pass them by without attempt to taking part in everyday actions.Another area in which women were making their mark was writing the literature. Mary Wollstonecraft started the chain of events. She was one of the first women noticed for her writings. Her daughter Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley do great strides as a writer also at this time. These authors also made women more human. Women, not only did they cook and clean but also they even did other things.The third area to look at when addressing new subjects is God. There were many writings on the role of God before this period. The Bible world the outdo example tells of God the friend and God the punisher. William Blake illustrates poetry best in relation to God. The ii poems that gave us the best look at, the two different versions of, God are The Lamb and The Tyger. In these two poems Blake takes two very different views. The lamb is the traditional symbol for the flock of God. He challenges the idea of Christ the lamb with the repetitive nature. He repeatedly asks the capitulum who made thee? referring to who created a creature like the lamb (Norton 29).In the Tyger the same(p) question of who made thee? comes up (Norton 37). This vicious animal and hunter is he too one of Gods creatures. This asks the question What king of immortal hand or eye/ could frame thy fearful symmetry? The questioning of what kind of theology made you, the lamb and tyger. Then the abutting question asked is Did he who made the lamb make thee? seemingly the answer organism yes it is the same god.Blake seems to question God several times within his poetry. The next one that sticks out particularly is The Divine Image where he continues to question what God really is. To mercy, Pity, Peace and Love sets the tone for the rest of the poem. He tells of how we are all Gods children so we better be good to one another. He stresses the idea of equality here.There are also two stories that come to mind when discussing God as a new subject. The first is the Rime of the ancient Mariner by Samuel Colleridge. In this short story we see a man on a journey. His journey starts not at the stolon of the trip to the South Pole, but it begins when he kills a bird. He shoots it with a cros sbow. The symbolism behind the crossbow may mean he killed Jesus. Then when He goes through all the pains and anguish, he is forgiven for killing one of Gods creatures.The next story that comes to expresses God in the area of new subjects is Frankenstein by Mary Shelly. This novel shows God in a very different light. Victor is shown as a God because he has created a creature outside of his own blood. Victor is faced with a choice whether or not to destroy or create a new creature. The Frankenstein book looked at the idea of God in a new fashion. Shelly tries to show us that our obsessions draw great light upon us. Mary Shelley shows how our obsessions draw light upon us in two ways. If we are obsessed with doing something when it happens we are let down. The second way that obsession affects us is that if we do not do something it may kill us.There were many new subjects that were addressed by Romantic poets and authors alike in regards to new subjects. The subject area of children is still being explored today. Once the subject area of children was opened the writing world has not been the same. In the area of women Vindication came when that work was published. It did not free women but gave them rights that they had not ever had before. In the area of God there was a great deal of questioning taking place. The entrance of Darwin and its legitimization raised questions pertaining to god. These new subjects were vital to the Romantic period and every piece of writing afterward.

Miss Greenford

overtop Greenford sit behind her 95 years old typewriter she inherited from the generate to type down a letter to her solo son who serves with the US force. She said, Dear John, I daughter you so much, my second baby. Daddy hasnt being feeling well for the ancient three months and he is worried he wouldnt make it before you descend from the war. His wish is to see you before going home. Please do come up quickly when you get this letter. Grandma sends her greetings, and Doggy your cat too.While she sat typing, John, in the silence of an explosion from the enemys camp, swallowed a bullet. Retreat e real(prenominal)one, the General sh bulge outed. deputy Jamal from Afghanistan carried his friend on his shoulder and ran into the tent where the nurses tended the wounds of the injured soldiers. Johnny, Johnny enthrall speak to me. Open your eyes he solemnly requested scarce John quietly was giving up the ghost. The only word that came out of his mouth was mama.Lieut. Jamal crie d He has lost the only friend in the army that cared for him.He remembered how he used to play basketball with John alone as all the guys refused his company and called him names. One day at assembly, it was announced a war has broken up between the US and Russia and all males were entreated to lock in the army asap. Jamal was frightened to death because he never want the sound of a gun. Growing up in a ghetto where the father was a warlord, he was called Ja, the whimp. He always hides under the bed during a fight of guns on the streets but John encouraged him that they can do it.He leave behind be there for him anytime and protect him against the bullies. John was the buddy Jamal never had. And now he doesnt know how he can dispense without him.Back home, Miss Greenford bought a stamp at the transport office, sealed her letter and posted it to his loving son. She cant wait to see him after eight immobile months of separation. This war has had a toll on everyone. Miss Greenfo rd herself has been feeling a severe ache in her left breast lately.Scared of the worst, she has refused to cry the hospital for a checkup. I need to be strong to fill up care of my two boys, John and his father, she always whispers to herself. Three weeks later, on the day Miss Greenford had planned on passing by the post office to check if her son has replied, there was a loud thrill on the door which startled even the flower pot on the window pane and it came crushing on the floor.Who is there? she shouted from the kitchen.Friends of John, the voices echoed. Miss Greenford dashed out of the kitchen like a flash of lightening only to get to the door to see men dressed in supply carrying a coffin. Immediately, she collapsed. She woke up to the news of her husband passing out of cardio effort when he wheeled his chair to the door because he also perceive the shout of friends of John from his room.Both my boys had left me, she cried. What does it profit me to be hot and not ha ppy? The two things that gave me joy cause been snatched from me, mama. onetime(a) mama Gracie was there to console her daughter.She told her not stop crying. She should spit every phlegm of bitterness out, then she can have her peace. I have been here before and I know how it feels but dont worry it bequeath make you stronger. It always does Your daddy died in the war too. The only human beings I have ever known tasted death while in an amour defending his country. But he died a happy man. He died knowing that at least he paid his dues to his country.So good-for-naught he was before he died when I was pregnant with you for two weeks that the doctor up said it is a girl. We had both been praying for a boy, but he prayed much fervently because he wanted his son to be a soldier, a protector of the state and dreams of America. Though disappointed, he loved you so very much, my baby. Be glad you gave daddy a soldier, now his soul will rest in peace.

Chapter 9: Implementing Strategy Through Organizational Design

Organizational bearing The process through which managers select the combination of organizational structure and laterality systems that they believe will enable the connection to create and sustain a militant advantage. Coordinate and motivate employees To create valueand Obtain a competitive advantage Koontz and ODonnell The Process School of Management Planning Organizing Staffing say findling Building blocks of organizational structure Differentiation Vertical how untold authority to delegate Horizontal how to divide peopleInto functions and divisions Integration ordinate people and functions To accomplish organizational goals and tasks Tall structure (7 10 levels) two-dimensional structure (2 4 levels) Tall Structure Problems Coordination Information distortion pauperization Too many affectionateness managers McKinsey Consulting Company Increased height of company organization structures Presidents Office President of all(prenominal) division Centralization or D ecentralization (tending toward) Decentralization 1. Delegate decision making authority to middle and cut level managers 2.Adapt to local conditions. Promotes flexibility 3. Fewer managers required Centralization 1. Facilitates coordination and planning 2. Decisions fit broad organizational objectives Management insurance policy Guidelines for decision making are made at highest levels And passed down to lower levels Horizontal Differentiation How to group tasks and activities to meet strategies Functional Structure chemical group by expertise. Most U. S. firms have a functional structure Advantages near(a) place to learn Easy to control Effective and efficient Disadvantagesgeographic diversion causes duplication of people and costs Communication problems Measurement problems hole problems Strategic problems production Structure Group by product line. Product Team structure Matrix Management Concurrent Design methodological analysis Cross-functional teams Geographic Struc ture Multidivisional Structure Self-contained product line or business unit (Operating responsibility) Corp headquarters staff. Financial Control. (Strategic Responsibility) Advantages of Multidivisional Structure raise corporate financial controlStrategic control Growth inseparable efficiency Disadvantages of a Multidivisional Structure Establish Division-Corporate authority levels GM and Alfred Sloan Litton Industries straining of information Competition for resources Transfer pricing (GE example) Focus on short-term High operating costs All functions are in each division Integration and Organizational Control Forms in Integrating Mechanisms 1. charge contact 2. Interdepartmental liaison roles 3. Temporary task forces ad hoc committees 4. everlasting teams standing committees 5. Integrating rolesDifferentiation and Integration The Nature of Organizational Control 1. Monitor 2. Evaluate 3. Compare actual to goals 4. Take corrective fulfil Strategic Controls Financial contro ls Stock Sales Growth ROI Profit create Controls Set Goals Measure output performance against goals Behavior Control Rules and Procedures putting green controls 1. Operating budgets 2. Standardization 3. Rules and procedures 4. Organizational glossiness a. Values beliefs and goals b. Norms Expectations for behavior Culture and Strategic Leadership Walt Disney example

Deceptive Advertising Essay

Advertising is considered one of the nigh important tools of marketing for coaxing clients towards the confederacy and change magnitude the sale of its ingatherings and services. Advertising is done in a numeral of ways, the most effective cosmos the television and print media. Though the master(prenominal) purpose of advertising is to attract customers and increase the profits of a association by increased sales, it has ofttimes been regarded as spurious and misguideing. In nows world a majority of customers argon being wakeful of advertizings since it contains information which is actu eithery false and misleading. adverts often promise accredited benefits which the results or services when acquired reveal to provide to their customers. Such types of publicizings argon increasing on a gradual basis and today every ad is being suspected on this ground. These types of advertisements fall chthonian the category of Deceptive Advertisement. These sort of advertisemen ts make false guides or misleading statements and give their viewing audience a false flavor which instigates them to try the output.People who most ofttimes phthisis shoddy advertising be retailers and shopkeepers when they advertise for low-price products available in their shop provided to get the customers in the shop but fail to produce them when asked for. There are legion(predicate) forms of advertisement which fall under the category of being shoddy. These include false promises, unsubstantiated assumes, incomplete descriptions, false testimonials, partial disclosure or visual distortion of products.Deceptive advertisement includes all those ads which induce a person to make a procure on the basis of false claims and promises about the price and quality of matched products. The Federal transaction Commission is responsible for enacting laws against unfair and misleading advertisements and expectant the companies involved in the offense (Yeshin, 2005). Dec eptive advertisement is not a new-fangled concept, instead it was practiced since the beginning of time and the trend is increasing in the business society with the passing time.This has led advertisement to break an ethics is swear out since it is close totimes being done unintentionally whereas most of the times the intention is to fool the customer in making the purchase through attractive and misleading advertisements. The customers are made to believe that they are getting some big benefits from the product however this is not so the case after the purchase has been made. Deceptive advertisement is used for targeting customers of all age groups through intelligent marketing tricks and tactics therefore, people postulate to be aware.Retailers, airlines, weight loss programs, mobile phone warranties are some of the few companies who use this tactic for gaining sales. Such advertisements are il intelligent and guilty in the eyes of law and legal action is taken against such( prenominal) companies regular if the ad actually fooled the people or not. The overall impression counts in front of law which if false will create legal problems for the company besides its technical impartialityfulness (Davis, 1994). Consumers are faced cursory with countless ads instigating them to try the product due to which they are unable to pock between true and false advertisements.People ponder why companies claim to make use of false and misleading tactics to attract the customers since truth locoweed in any case get them enough customers to make broad(prenominal) profits. ofttimes companies produce products which film a very low quality and are not competitive so they wont demand high prices. For making their product sale in the market as a competitive one, they mark down its price and use eye-catching advertisements which mislead the consumers in making the purchase. This doesnt mean that every other new company or others existing in the market adopt this stra tegy. some(prenominal) of the advertisements are based on true and honest information charm some others deceive the customers with false information. Educated customers can often touch through such false claims but most of them fail to do so and end up wasting their money on shoddy products and services. According to the Federal Trade Commission, the ad essential not everlastingly entail a purchase for it to be counted as deceptive just the presence of misleading information or a false claim can demand an action against the company.The commission has taken action and filed suit against many businesses and companies who expect been accused for being a part of deceptive advertising. The consumers on watching such ads or after making the purchase can file a explosive charge against the company and sue them for damages. The FTC is doing along on its behalf for stopping the fraudulent activity by enacting various laws against deceptive advertising (Stern, 2000). The theory states that there are different models of advertising. There are ternary types of deceptive advertising that are done mostly (Hameroff, 1988).These are Fraudulent Advertising which is to a fault termed as outright lie where the ad states a lie clearly about the product which is disclosed when the customer makes the purchase and does not finds the benefit promised. False advertising includes a claim-fact variableness where all the conditions for receiving a promotion or a prize are not disclosed beforehand. Misleading advertising also called claim-belief interaction where an ad can make people believe about a claim which is not want the product provides.Deceptive advertising mostly consists of three everydayly found elements or in other words the representation, remissness or practice of deceptive advertisements will be examined from three sides. Firstly, the representation, cut or practice that will likely mislead the consumer such as giving misleading price claims or misrepresent ing a product or services orally or in written. One of the most common forms of deceptive advertising is oral misrepresentation and must taken great care of.The Better Business Bureau once stated that an advertisement can be misleading when seen complete though every whizz sentence treated separately might be true. Secondly, the representation, indifference or practice is examined from the eyes of a reasonable consumer or a contingent target group like the youth or elderly. This way of life that the misrepresentation, omission or practice in the advertisement has been introduced in score to attract a particular group of customers.For example, the weight loss programs target the plop people through false and misleading claims of reducing weight in 15 days etc. Thirdly, the representation, omission or practice must be analyzed from the perspective of being a material one. This means that the misrepresentation is a material one if it influences the consumer decision of buying the product or not. The consumer must have decided for something different if he would have not come across the deceptive advertisement (Richards, 1990).Furthermore, internet also falls under the category of deceptive advertisement since most of the websites often collect the personal information of the user without his or her consent. Deception through internet is mostly related to the privacy issues. Some examples of companies who have been cited for deceptive advertising include United weighting Control, Nutri-System, Inc. , The Diet Center, Physician Weight Loss Clinic, Weight Watchers International, Inc. , and Jenny Craig. Action was taken against these companies and they were made to restrict their advertising and marketing practices.Not only are these companies held reasonable for deceptive advertising but also the advertising agencies who participated in designing the advertisement. every last(predicate) others who participated in the creation of deceptive ad are held liable by the law especially the advertising agencies that knew about the deceptive element in the ad but failed to substantiate the claims. Sometimes the producers are also held liable since they know about the true traits of a product and by not raising a voice against the ad means that they are climb the claim.The liable companies are subject to penalties by the law which may be stopping the ad immediately, paying for damages to the customers, correcting the ad or even requiring the company to leave the industry or banning it for a certain time period in extreme cases of incantation. Besides Federal Trade Commission, Better Business Bureau and National Advertising Review Council has been also given the responsibility of monitoring the truth in advertisements.Moreover, competitors can be the greatest and most important source for detecting deceptive advertisements in their industry since they serve as watchdogs on their competitors marketing practices. The competitors can sue the comp any involved in the deceptive advertisement in order to gain market advantages. The customers too can file a complaint against the deceptive ads with the above mentioned organizations who will investigate the accusation (Garza, 2000).A indecision that comes to our mind is that is there anything which helps in identifying boundary between truth and deception in advertisements. When we see a number of advertisements daily flashinging in front of our eyes, it is very difficult for us to pierce through the flash and identify the element of deception in them. This influences us to buy the product and to ultimately find that the benefit promised is not attained or that we have paid much more than what we got. However, if advertisements are watched carefully then consumers can keep an eye out for deception constantly.One should know of the many ways in which advertisers can trick the customers in buying the product they want us to buy. Advertisers usually incorporate into their ads the f eelings, reactions and responses of customers which they obtained through tests and surveys in creating advertisements. They use these to trick the customers by including in their advertisements those claims which consumers want the most. There are some(prenominal) things which customers can look for while identifying a boundary between truth and deception in advertisements (Stern, 2000).

Medea’s murder of her children Essay

The image of Medea presented by Euripides in the exodos is undoubtedly largely horrifying and app bothing to the reference. Medea manifestly presents her appetency for revenge and it is unvoiced to feel with her char titleer. However, in m all respects her character fits the image of a sad hero. Although, it is widely contr all oersial to associate Medea with r atomic number 18fied aspects in advance(a) days, from an superannuated Grecians perspective her actions and personality might well duet aspects of the tragical hero such as consistency, annexation, noble state, and tragic flaw.This see will explore whether her presentation in the exodos as well as her actions in other component justify her tragic hero status. source of all, Medea has always enjoyed a levelheaded reputation and high-rank in society. Her heroic identity element symbolises the accompaniment that she is a grand- daughter of the Sun. Moreover, Medea was a princess of Colchis and dis biddinged a va st cognition of enchantments and medicine. When Jason abandons her in a inappropriate state of matter she conks a stateless refugee and her conceit suffers. It has also been stated by the Chorus in the playOf all pains and hardships none is worse Than to be deprived of your native land. L. 651-652 It looks intolerable for her to be rejected & homeless in a foreign land. We tooshie infer this by the use of words such as pains and hardships which emphasises her dramatic position through an accumulation of two kindred meanings. Also, the word deprived implies that Jason has taken her land almost physically. Here, the role of choir modifies the structure in the play as they appearance break up the acts in the play. Thus, Euripides attaches an important role of the chorus to construct the play.Her behaviour has been far explored by E. R Dodds who states that members of an ancient Greek society acknowledged anything which exposes a man to the contempt or ridicule of his fellows, which causes them to lose face, as un condescendable. According to Aristotle, a tragic hero must hold noble, reckon social status. It whoremaster be argued therefore that Medeas death penalty of her children in exodos was a desperate and impulsive response to the pressure of social contour (Dodds) and a diseased attempt to gain back her reputation.Such actions ar common in Greek tragedies such as The Oresteia where Atreus admitted an even big direful act of revenge against his brother who had affair with Atreuss wife. Similarly, part Medea loses face when Jason abandons her, Atreuss reputation suffers when his wife commits adultery. Nevertheless, later Atreuss takes care of his brothers son. This, as opposed to Medea, can be considered as tragic heros sense of depravity or, perhaps, the way to address justness. On the other hand, Medea doesnt regret her actions. Her sense of guilt does not exist.Contrarily, she seems to be proud of her murder as she uses cynical and sa rcastic techniques plot of land she responds to Jasons accusations in stichomythia Go home your wife waits to be buried. The book of features of Jasons would-be wife is extremely poisonous and tactless as previously, Medea remorselessly murdered her. In the exodos, Medea and Jason have a short and astutely exchange after Jason sees the dead bodies of his children. Questionably, Medea appears here to be extremely exultant, victoriously using cynical techniques untypical for the tragic hero such as You grieve too soon.Old age is coming. It is piss that Medea identifies her murder with a triumph over Jason. This opposes the fact that Medea can be regarded as a tragic hero because members of an ancient Greek society, despite their entrust for high reputation, had a sense of guilt and justice which is described by E. R Dodds as a gradually growing sense of guilt which transformed into a punishment and embodiment of cosmic justice. This implies that Medea as a tragic hero should regret her actions however, this never occurs.Instead, at the close of the play, Medea and the bodies of her children are taken away by the gods in the shape of Deus ex Machina. Up until the exodos, Medea has had some features of a tragic hero. However in the exodos, the absence seizure of any kind of regrets opens up a debate over whether Medeas presentation can be truly regarded as a tragic hero. Here, the gods seem to appear strangely sympathetic in her bloody sufferings and surprisingly shocking in supporting Medeas actions and punishing Jason.It can be argued that the gods support Medea and Deus ex Machina occurs in order to dispense justice by not allowing Jason to bury his children and leaving him unsatisfied. Although, the gods not always seem to make right decision and sometimes their will performs as cruel and unmoral. It isnt just the fact that Medea kills her children that seem to be questioning Medeas heroic aspects. It is also true that Medea does not die. The play i s in fact the only surviving Greek tragedy where the tragic hero doesnt die.Furthermore, Medea is a woman driven by male desire. Her desire for revenge leads to her overcoming the sense of maternal instinct. thitherfore, the Greek audience couldnt alone regard Medea as a tragic hero and yet the audience ( ) shudder at the ruthless of her anger and passion for vengeance (Easterling). It is undecipherable whether Medea aims to portray herself as a woman or to employ the heroic male weapon. She often sympathise with females as a stem We were born women useless for honest purposes.But in all kinds of pestiferous skilled practitioners l. 406-407 Here, Medea uses first person plural verb in order to become a representative of females. However, the fact that she lacks her maternal instinct and kills her children in answer to her dishonour and her violence, which she herself abhors follow the creative thinker of a male desire. At this point, it is difficult to define Medea as a tragi c hero because she evidently contradicts the idea of consistency in that she portrays herself sometimes as a representative of oppressed women and sometimes as a male hero.It is largely controversial to argue that Medeas presentation in the play (particularly in the exodos) is intelligent and appropriate (Aristotle). The tragic heros character should be good if the purpose is good (Aristotle). Euripidess presentation of Medea at the beginning of the play is to make the audience pity her dramatic position however, if we consider the fact that previously Medea has committed two acts of murder in order to sweep up Jason it is difficult to sympathise her. The murder of her children is a highly horrifying act of the play as the children plead for help (Help, help, for the gods sakeShes cleanup us ). The repetitiveness of a word help and their imprecations gives us a sense of their desperation. In this way, Medea fits her image of a tragic hero because consort to Aristotle, fear and p ity must be aroused in circumstances in which a tragic incident between those who are beneficial or dear to one another. Indeed, we pity characters in the exodos as the act of murder has been done at the expense of innocent children pleading for help.On the other hand, it has been investigated by P.E Easterling that Euripides many imitators have tended to present Medeas behaviour as that of madwomen. This is because the way in which Medea murders her children is largely brutal as she uses a sword and seem to be murdering them in a mercilessly pattern. Therefore, even the Ancient Greek audience seems to reject the idea of Medea be good and appropriate.In addition, for Medea to fully fit the image of a Greek tragic hero it is essential that she has her tragic flaw which contributes to the downfall. It is incumbent for the tragic heroes to be wrapped in the mystery () with that something beyond which we can only see through them, and which is the source of their strength and their fate analogous (Anderson) Without this, tragedy cannot be regarded as a tragedy itself.Therefore, in context of use of Medea, the equivalent of something beyond can be considered her excessive pride and arrested development with the jest of my enemies. Even if the audience does not point out any indication of the laughter of Medeas enemies, she still insists their presence. She does not perceive the support of the women of Corinth (meaning the Chorus) or -perhaps, she does not want to perceive it.Therefore, Medeas obsession with the laughter of her enemies can be considered as the catalyst of her tragic downfall. However, it might be believed that this obsession cannot be regarded as the catalyst of her tragic downfall because it is clear that Medea fully acknowledges her flaws and in her horrific act in the exodos she recognises that whats shes doing is wrong. In the line 1077 she says I understand The horror of what I am going to do Evidently, Medea appears to be aware of her tragic flaw and to immerse the consequences.In this case, Medea cannot be regarded as a tragic hero because she acknowledges her flaws. Therefore, the Greek audience could not be entertained or surprised by Medeas actions. We do not pity her because she accepts her tragic flaws throughout the play. Medeas self-awareness of her immorality contradicts Andersons belief that the message of tragedy is that men are better than they think they are. The message needs to be said over and over lest the race lose faith in itself entirely. There is a large distinction between the recognition of a tragic hero in Ancient Greece and the modern world.We associate heroic aspects with goodness, appropriation and a well-developed sense of forgiveness. The presentation of Medea in the exodos as well as her actions throughout the play, strongly contradict with the principles of Christianity and her character appears as irrelevant to modern ideas. Unfortunately, Medea from the Ancient Greeks point of v iew can be regarded as a tragic hero to a significant extent. The horrific act of murdering her children is insane and sickening however, it is without doubt that it fits with the image of a tragic hero in a several respects.BibliographyAristotle, Poetics. Trans. S.H. Butcher. www.classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/poetics/htmlAccessed 5th January 2012P.E Easterling The Infanticide in Euripides Medea, Yale Classical Studies, 25(1997) 193-225Dodds, E.R. The Greeks and the Irrational. University of California Press, (2000).Allan, William. Euripides Medea Duckworth Companions for Greek and Roman tragedy. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, (2002)Anderson, The Essence of TragedyNorthrop Frye, The Mythos of dusk

Abortion: How Do Philippines Deals with This Issues Essay

Sencia was a hilot (local midwife) outside of Cebu City, Philippines until 4 months ago. After performing a massage on a gravid woman in her village, causing her to miscarry her baby, she was put in jail. She wasnt jailed for malpractice she was convicted of inducing an abortion. The formerly pregnant woman was also imprisoned. predominantly Catholic, the Philippine Islands gift banned all abortion, except that which saves the life of the mother. insofar there be an average of 470,000 abortions induced annually.Filipinas do not reach the same socio-political climate as we do in the United States. thither is no taxi service to public abortion clinics, judicial waivers, or counseling sessions. If you are caught having an abortion in the Philippines, its against the law and you are thr feature in jail plain and simple.See moreThe 3 Types of Satire EssayOf the women who are successful in inducing their own abortions, many go to great and often grotesque lengths to achieve their g oal. more or less of them take some form of anti-clotting or aspirin-related drugs, to induce bleeding. Some potable incredible quantities of alcohol. When all else fails, they throw themselves down flights of stairs or exhaust on their stomachs, with the help of a local midwife others self-catheter their vaginas. All of these barbaric practices greatly endanger the mother as well its horrible that a woman would harm herself manage that for an abortion.Im not detailing this because I think pregnant Filipinas should have it cushy like we do in the States. No way I believe moreover the opposite The Unites States needs to outlaw abortion, now. Im amazed at how desperate we are, as a civilization, to kill unborn babies and end awkward pregnancies. It is stunning that the world feels so entitled to its desires and personal gain that we have huge social movements trying to protect murder on demand. think back hard about that. Murder on demand on a worldwide scale.http//www.bella online.com/articles/art52823.asp

Human Essay

I find it is amazing how human is the yet being ( by means of being able to be discover by common senses ) as the only independent object by which is non subjected , or bounded to , any limiting ingredients (except by the featureor of potential of human itself ). If we ar to study , why human argon able to study independently , we go to the sensation.Now, when you study the brain and military position it from a philosophy spectrum, you will see that the brain is simply a bunch of chemicals ( in fact, every matter is chemicals ) that collabo come ins together and form a very educate and complicated active mechanism of maneuvering and solving variables of countless many ( think of it like this , you mix in a mixture of chemicals ( such as H(2)O,CO(2) and all variants of other chemical component of the brain) , and find that the mixed chemicals argon capable of cerebration ).As quoted from Oliver Sachs from the TED Talk ( forgive me if Im mistaken),Information in the form o f energy , streams in simultaneously through all of our sensory systems , and then it explodes into this collaborative collage ( the collage here atomic number 18 used to signified the greatness of our brain , being distri simplyively of the brain cell ability to think ). Now , our brain has devil very opposing parts , the passive and the active group. This two groups argon very different in a manner such that it arouse even contradicts itself , although it being in a single organ in our body which is weird. That is the power of finding.We make decision in our daily invigoration and in fact , every things make decision , even in the atomic level ( the attracting and discharge of electron itself by atoms is decision). But what makes us different from other things are that we are able to make decision even beyond the passive limitation ). For example , when you are ravel you will eventually gets tired. When you are tired , your passive group of brain make decisions to increas e heartbeat and increase breathing process rate , and provide your active group of brain a decision to chequer running (since running is an active process).You have now 2 options, first you agreed with the passive brain to stop running and get a rest. Secondly , you could countinue running and eventually dies. Now heres the thing , the main objective of living thing is to , survive and dying is not a very good choice if you want to survive , but you , as a living thing , an independant living things has actually stony-broke the very purpose of being a living thing (the fact that very aim of living things is to survive also intrigues me , how provoke a bunch of collaborative chemicals wants to live , to survive ).Unlike plants for example , they are subjected to boundaries or laws. For example , when they require sunlight and water , it will break shoot and root respectively. They are unable to smite this limitation of thinking because they are not independant , unlike we human . More amazingly, with this power of decision we are able to compute a very complicated mathemical problems , mechanical problems , and overcome flaws. Although that was a very bad example of decision but the oral sex here is that we have the power to actually do something beyond the scene and boundaries of passiveness.We human has this miracelous gift of being able to think actively. With this capability , we can do something good, or something bad. And it is for us to decide. Is it with this capability , that divide humans into levels of intelectuality and quality, it is this capability that can shape a single human capable of transforming and alimental the whole entity of universe and when ignored , the most simpleton of blockhead, bonehead, dumbass, dunce, dunderhead, hammerhead, knucklehead, loggerhead, lunkhead, muttonhead, numskull kind of human.

My Family and the Conservative Theory Essay

I believe that my family is a great role model of the conservative theory. I was raised by both of my p arnts who im agency been unify for over thirty stratums. There was myself and my two sisters that also comprised our household. We peppyd in Saudi-Arabian Arabia growing up and ar attendants of Islam. My father, Mahdi was a geography he arer on the college level, from which he has since retired. My breed taught middle school science. My older sister has been married for over five years and has one three year old child. I am currently attending college and studying finance and my younger sister is attending college and studying accounting.Being part of the Muslim community is part of the conservative nature of my family. We choose to try and live our lives according to the five pillars of Islam. These are the beliefs that the religion was founded upon. The first pillar of Islam is that Allah is stark(a) and supreme oneness and that Muhammad was the great prophet. This on e pillar is the foundation for the representation that my family chooses to live our lives. We choose to participate in a culture where we are governed by Allah a forget to do what is good and morally just. The bite pillar of Islam is the establishment of daily prayers.Daily prayers are very heavy in our culture. They are the communication that we fork over with Allah and the bureau that we are maneuver in how we are going to make decisions. As a follower of Islam we pray five times per day. The third pillar of Islam is concern for the needing. This includes creation willing to sacrifice to help other(a)s who are less fortunate than we are. It is grievous in my culture to nominate to those who are needy and to help them as much as we possibly can. Islam teaches not being selfish and lacking worldly possessions but rather being selfless and everlastingly well-favoured of oneself to others.This ungenerouss that it has neer been important to me or my family as to whethe r or not we are wearing a certain brand of clothing or whether or not we get hold of certain processions. It is not important for us to try to keep up with mainstream society in an attempt to accommo cons dead on target in as we believe that our riches are destined for some other time and another(prenominal) place. We value saving and are conservative in our spending and shopping habits. The fourth pillar of Islam is self purification entere fasting. Fasting is a big part of our beliefs and we are conservative in this area as well. We fast during the month of Ramadan from insolate up until sun down.This is to teach us flying field. There is no stronger conservative value than discipline as when we are disciplined we are competent to make decisions without thought the pressure of the outside world. The fifth pillar of Islam is to make a voyage to Mekkah. The pilgrimage to Mekkah is important as we are traveling to the divine severalize where Muhammad heard the words of All ah that he used to write the Koran. One of the biggest differences in the Islamic culture that we are a part of in equivalence to most other cultures of today is the beliefs that we are taught about dating.Muslim teachings teach us that we are not to date until we are in the limit of marriage. It is against our teachings to go out on dates or to deal premarital arouse as these behaviors are considered worldly and a poisoning of ourselves and we are to be a temple to Allah. In our culture we start a dua when we destiny to start dating. This means that we ask Allah to send us a correspond with whom we will make a good match with. We believe that Allahs divine wisdom will allow us to meet our holy match. I believe that a man and woman are created to be able to find the one perfect match for you who will give you spiritual unity and peace.When soulfulness in my family is looking for a assistant with whom to share their spiritedness with, the whole family becomes involved. It i s still important to find someone who we are going to connect with and set along with and having a soul chosen for us is not a itinerary of controlling who we date but rather a way of keeping us from make the mistake of bad relationships and having to suffer through the pain of heartache. The overall base is that by keeping ourselves pure and clean and not being in a physical relationship with any(prenominal)one we are able to find a partner who truly is the best match for us emotionally.We also are able to find the one true partner that Allah has created for us by not letting physical attraction or other decisions get in our way. We remain pure for those who we are going to marry and yes this does mean that we do not believe in premarital sexual sexual relation or sexual relationships in any way. My family is very conservative in the area of dating as both my sister and her husband and my mother and father are part of marriages that were arranged. My family also does not bel ieve in divorce.We believe that if you truly are with the person that Allah has placed you with then at that place is no reason for divorce from that person. Growing up pastime the practices of Islam has do me a much more conservative person than most of my peers. I believe that those who commit crimes should be punished to the full extent. One het up(p) base for todays culture has been the idea of corporal punishment and I am in favor of this practice when it is used for the slump reasons and within the realms of the law.I feel that this is the conservative approach on this topic, following the adage if you cant do the time then dont do the crime. I also am against abortion which is another topic of heated debate today. Abortion is something that is not allowed through the practices of Islam and something that would never be okay for me or anyone in my family. Homosexuality is also public today and in the faith of Islam it is not allowed as it is considered a true sin. Howe ver it is also a sin to perform any figure of sexual act outside of marriage as sexual acts are supposed to be for the purpose of creating a family.My family has not had children out of wedlock. My family has always worked hard to uphold themselves to the moral standards of Islam. Some of this has been difficult as I render always had to think of the moral debate to a subject and how I could justify my decision within my faith. I was raised to be respectful to my parents and could not have said some of those things that I have heard other students talk about saying to their parents. I have always been raised that without my parents I would not be anything and that I call for to uphold the utmost respect for them and their decisions in life.Even when I have disagreed with things that my parents have said, I will still give them the respect of auditory sense to their decision without question. I have always known that my family was different from the other families that I have bee n witness to since moving to the US. Since we have always practice Islam and since I grew up in Saudi Arabia I did not absorb that we were so much more conservative than other families. Being a part of a conservative family has taught me many things, including that I have set and principals that I am not willing to let down for any reason.I want to follow the teachings of Allah and I want to preserve a culture that I feel reacts in a better way too many of the controversial issues of today. There are all kinds of issues that have to be dealt with on a regular basis when someone is growing up in todays culture. In a way it is nice to not have to worry about some of these issues as they are behaviors that are not permitted by Islam therefore they are behaviors that I have never thought about being involved in. I do not date and I am a saturated and therefore I find that I am a part of a subgroup within the US culture that is unique in itself.Stating that I am simply conservative m ight be an understatement as I believe that Allah has better for me and that I should uphold myself to the highest moral standards in localize to be able to please him and find my end reward ulterior after this life has ended. I also believe that I have been taught unique values which have carried over into my conservative way of thinking. I was raised by both of my parents who are still married and I have watched my older sister attempt to have the same life that we did growing up. I am hopeful that one day Allah will speak and that I will find my mate and be able to fulfill my life as well.

How Would You Define the Word “Democracy” Give Full Reasons for Your Answer?

This essay leave al sensation argue that there is no unity exposition of country, over overdue to the fact that there argon many a(prenominal) models of democracy, which in turn save their own opinions on what the border means. For example position democracy dirty dog be seen as giving medication by the hoi polloi. In contrast vocalisation democracy tramp be seen as semipolitical relation for the raft. Also depending if one agrees with semipolitical comp beity will alter your definition for example if a person has high level of social implication they would opine that democracy is the rule of the selected and political par does non exist this is the muckle point of Marxists.However on the other hand liberal- democracies do believe it and therefore their opinion on democracy is political equality. As Bernard Crick 1993 press outd, democracy is the most promiscuous word in unexclusive affairs (Andrew Heywood politics trio edition chapter four page 73) pit h the word democracy can mean anything. The word democracy comes from the Greek word demo meaning multitude and kratos meaning indicant.So the classical term for democracy is rule by the volume. However this term is very vague, who is the pack in ancient Greece in order to participate in politics you had to be male over the age of twenty, excluding women slaves and foreigners. In contemporary multiplication there is restricted political participation usually the ages from 21 to 15, to choose. This in turn shows that non every(prenominal)one is able to participate in placardantling his or her own government due to age.The fact that voting is based on majority shows that voting provided represents the majority. So people who suffraged against the majority will not get their say the tyranny of the majority (Andrew Heywood politics third edition chapter four page 73) explains that the term people is not everyone subsisting in the state but the majority. Therefore depending on how old you ar and who you voted for will depend if you believe the word democracy is rule by the people.The most significant point of democracy is liberal democrat good deal of political equality one person one vote one value this is very true most western democratic regimes ar based on voting everyone get a vote and it is equal however in contrast Marxists believe that actually this is not true. The more(prenominal) level of significance of social equality much(prenominal) as control of upsurge communication and economic resources as well as voting is more likely to put on your point of view taken into account by the government.An example is in the 2000 presidential election between George W chaparral and Al Gore, Florida was the sate that could tip the balance between who would win, many news stations counted that Al dialog box won. The fact that George W Bush brother Jeb Bush was senator of Florida and that his other brother was in charge of publication the votes on Fox News meant. The fact that votes was casted on fox news earlier than most stations meant many voters changed their minds and voted Bush as he was supposedly most likely to win.The fact is George W Bush had the saddle horse from the mass media such as Fox media and people in power such as Jeb meant he came in to power. (George W Bush had mass media control, the average voter voice was not heard, and as Al gore was whom the majority voted for) (Film Fahrenheit 9-11 Michael Moore) This is an example of pluralist democracy in which the elite be in control of society, the capametropolis of organised separates to articulate government responsiveness.In countries that has capitalist economy as its backbone economy, the elite tend to be the ones who own or control big corporate business, you only need to look at America political arranging and see that people funding political candidates be buying entice and accesses to lobby roots (www. news. bbc. co. uk/world/america), that is why in 2000 191 one thousand million dollars was raised by oil companies and united defence for Bush. Of charge through the course of history we fare that theses business benefited a lot from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.This shows that corporatist pluralism is a terror to society as a threat to society because political equality does not take place, if you ar considered an insider group you will benefit such as united defence and if you are an outsider the chances of you influencing government other than voting is almost nil. As Lenin give tongue to liberal democracies are seen as bourgeois democracies that are by the sentiment class (Andrew Heywood politics third edition page 86). However the view that only the elite benefit from democracy and that political equality does not exist which is the major point of democracy in that it should exist, is not evermore true.Peak associations benefit the state rather than major economic associations and the elite theses are gro ups that want the best interest for the flexers. So you could argue that in close to cases political equality does exist. An example is Obama and his democratic party in which they believe in supporting the people not the business, the creation of Medi-care is an example. The creation of the Gettysburg hail delivered in 1864 by Abraham Lincoln government of the people by the people for the people (www. showcase. et/ creative Lincoln speech) made formation democracy a lot more difficult, due to the fact two models of democracy have cropped up direct democracy (by the people) through systems of referendum and representative democracy (for the people) system of electing someone on your behalf. Direct democracy may be seen by citizens of countries such as Switzerland as the real form of democracy due to the fact the people are in- charge of ruling them selves all the government do is facilitate the decision and make sure it is carried through.This is most connatural to the ancien t Greek idea of democracy. The way it is done is through referendums that can only be passed if majority of cantons agree as well as a small minority of cantons. An example of referendums in Switzerland in which the people have voted for and taken action is the Swiss people have jilted the law that state funded layers can protect animals in 2010. (www. bbc. co. uk). However the briny problem with referendums is governments can reject them going against the principal of rule by the people.An example occurred in the state of Rhode Island in 2002, when the governor placed such a referendum on the ballot asking citizens if they wanted to change the state constitution to make the three branches of the state government co-equal. The citizens voted in respect of the measure, but the result was not binding, and the governor and the legislature were not call for to take action. (www. elearnportal. com/courses/political-science).The other point is direct democracy would only work in areas with small population such as Greek city states and Switzerland otherwise a population like the UK with over 60 million people would mean any decision would take a large amount of time. Therefore the representative democracy exits, the argument for representative democracy is people may not have the education or solid ground to make logical decisions for the rest of the population therefore you vote for your constituency who on your behalf equal you.Who in turn in parliamentary democracies would vote who would target your party. This may seem democratic in the view that your MP is only interested in your constituency. However party politics play a part and some politicians may seem greedy for power and not really care or represent you. Also even though this creates accountability on MPs behalf you may only do something nigh it every time an election is held. We only have an input every four years ( chthonicgrounddemocracy. com).This is means if politicians go against their mand ate or do something the majority of people dont like example the savant cuts you cant do something about it until the next election. Also depending on who you are in the political system will depend on what you look is a democratic system, for example totalitarian regimes such as Hitler and the national socialist party may claim they where democratic due to the fact they represented the peoples best interest, however the German people who where not involved in politics or people in general who live under a dictatorship may not agree that they are life history democratically.In conclusion the language of democracy is used as political propaganda it is a political weapon it is shaped and honed to covey political intent (Andrew Heywood political theory page 2) what Andrew meant is similar to what Bernard Crick in that there is no clear definition of democracy. It all depends on who is the person or group that is defining the word democracy.If you are living in a representative demo cracy under a totalitarian regime and you are the point in time of that party in power then of course you would say you are democratic working in the best interest of the people notwithstanding the fact they could be living in the gutter starving. Or if you are the prime-minster of the Britain despite the fact you where not directly elected by the people to be prime-minster but you are non-the less creating a government for the people you would say you are democratic, in contrast to people who did not vote for you or your policy.If you are considered a Marxist then your opinion on liberal democracy is that it is false due to the fact political equality does not exist and that the elite and corporatists have more power to influence the government for them and not always the majority of people, however if you are the elite you would say it is democratic as we live in competitive capitalist environment and through peek associations we benefit the economy because we have the know how, and the majority would want that.Direct democracy is another definition of democracy stating that the citizens should have complete control however due to political restrictions such as age and the ability to reject referendums proves that rule by the people can t be fully accomplished.My opinion is that again depending on who is defining democracy will depend on what they want it to mean due to the popularity of being democratic however, complete democracy will never be achieved as there will always be people who appose an opinion causing rule by the majority. But the ability to vote enables that citizens do have some control over their society and that in most western democracies people in power are arduous to do what is best for the interest of the people, even if political equality may not exist.

Gender stereo type Essay

Gender biaural type is one of the problems veneer sexual practice issues in the world. Women performance in any science or mathematical subject has become wanting. This discover for report undertakes to study gender emboss in schoolrooms. The performance of math departing be looked at. This seek paper undertakes to find by gender sorts as atomic number 18 in existence in regular schoolrooms and the conceptions of the same. This is a crucial research indecision for all schoolchilds and teachers especially those involved in gender issues. Performance in classroom among women has been affect by the view of women themselves.Gender stereotype has been at that place for ages especially when the egg-producing(prenominal) and manly find themselves in the same milieu where their abilities atomic number 18 bound to be tested and a classroom is necessarily one of them. Gender stereotype Introduction Mostly ones performance in the classroom determines ones atomic number 18a of specialization and this researcher bound out to produce how gender issues be in parity to the classroom achievements. Women atomic number 18 said to have a p acknowledgment for liberal arts which argon less challenging part men go for the mathematics which is tougher.The share does not end at that place because men are known to push back involved in tough games too like wrestling for their untenanted time while their womanish counterparts go for easy activities like picnics for their cheer time. Gender distinctions in the classroom come along authority from the manner the boys are brought up knowing that they are cut for the challenging careers soldiers, pilots scientists while the girls are given the notion that they must always be becoming and clean thus they opt for career prospects that sight enable them to be ladish secretarial jobs, nursing and utmost teaching arts.The war in the classroom is a conspicuous one as the boys openly live out the un indisp ensable arts and concentrates on the mathematics and science as a way of showing then macho as the tough gender. In a class the popular men are the ones who have made great achievements like being the football maitre dhotel or the best athlete while a lady wins by just being smart and showing the classic manners judge of a classic lady and the classroom feats come second or not at all.This research sets out to get an in look to this speculations which have always been there surrounding this subject to establish the rightfulness behind it. The classroom stands out like a tornado that waits to pad and reveal its inner making when put in a stereotype context because the classes components are a people who are striving for a common goal moreover using different elements to get there the choices made are through with(p) differently depending on the gender of the student in question. At least that is the geniusset of most people regarding the classroom and this topic.Statement of t he problem. I chose this topic for the research because it directly affects the performance of students and how they impact in regular classrooms. The students behavior, performance future ambitions and targets are determined by the perceptions of the gender they belong to. If a student creates a bad perception toward something because of her gender, then the future will be affected. up to now 3the removal of gender stereotype will set good goals that will create good future targets. in that location is a relationship betwixt gender stereotypes in performance of some subjects on performance of subjects in class at large. When a student undertakes to create in her mind a mentality of gender stereotypes it becomes hard for him or her picture newly things, new concepts, get new challenges, encounter obstacles, learn how to solve problems, learn to be independent and all these will enable to performance aim a student to improve. Without gender stereotype a student will be confiden t and will learn more on his own.Objectives This research on gender stereotype in the classroom is a paper that is basebornt to clear the air on whether actually there gender cogitate distinctions in the classroom. The result at which the topic is popular in relation to the classroom will be delved in to and a solid conclusion brought forward by doing a research study in this institution. Determiners of the front man of the gender divisions shall be sought and the reasons behind these factors will be acknowledge at the end of this paper.The gender stereotype is a wide topic that brings with a list of implications there is a need to establish whether its actually there in the classroom and its significances. This topic has affected the classroom and there is need to know whether positively or negatively. This topic is reference to women widely assumed stand or so the arts and mathematics in the classroom, women are said to prefer arts while mathematics are left for men to it a s an expression of their masculinity to show their strength.To establish the magnitude of its effect a thorough research would be necessary through interviewing women on their opinions regarding this topic and the end of the case study. This research does not have an objective to discuss feminism in the classroom but its out to establish the gender differences in picking subjects of study at school and go behind the issue to learn why the gender stereotype in the classroom is their and at what depth has it influenced the decisions made in the classroom by women.This research lays down the issues that are there about women and classrooms when it comes to making the choice of subjects they want to study sciences and arts with mathematics as the most conspicuous science in question. Research questions. Does gender stereo type really exist in the classroom or is it an surmisal that has always been there? What are the causes of the gender distinctions in the classroom? What are the ef fects of the gender related divisions in the classroom? Is the gender stereotype here to stay in the classroom? MethodologyThere are two methods of research/ data collection in research document that is quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative method is applicable where the problem is known, the problem is found on theories and can be sum of moneyd in numbers. The analysis can be done on tables, graphs, pie charts, gnat charts and former(a) statistical theories and it relies on assumptions. There are a number of methods which are under quantitative methods. These accommodate surveys, experiments and quasi experiment. Qualitative method is different from quantitative because it is used to measure human feelings, locating and perception.The data for this research has been obtained from the ten articles forwarded. Key words. hearty kin, mathematics sides and women. A study was done on women, twenty in number with their ages ranging between 20 58 years with a mean age of 23 y ears. Literature review Introduction All the lodge studies showed similar results that the personal, attitude of women in the classroom towards academic activities in the areas of arts and mathematics can be affected by gender categories with provided one citing completion as the boost to a positive attitude towards mathematics. Gender stereotypeWomen who were associated with a clear conscious of being female express a greater liking for the arts while those who were associated with the male category did not connect with the arts and went for mathematics. The womens attitude were base on their preferences and not influenced by other peoples choice. Murphy. M. C. , Steele C. M. and crowd J. Gross J. J. (2007) in their article they argue that the influence of the social category has not been established and is not is not easier to pin point the extent at which women attitude could change in a stereotype way using the stereotype category.They further argue that it clear that the ch anges in attitude among women are due to the stereotype reasoning about womens power in relation to mens ability or a combination of both. Guimond S. and lydie Roussel L. (2001) have added that based on gender identity memorial tablet it can equally affect womens attitude towards mathematics women who are made aware of their identity preferred arts while the other ones associated with male gender went for mathematics.Their choices were based on their own personal perceptions without an outbound influence from other people who had similar perceptions to theirs. Another study was done by measuring the womens hidden attitude towards arts and mathematics after reminding them of their gender identity or neutral identity. The results still showed that womens attitude towards arts and mathematics was more stereotype- consistent when they were associated with the category female or the gender identity.

One of the reasons the author must have written the book

iodin of the themes of the concur is that end of the war was not determined by technology nor tactics. Victory in the South Pacific dead depended on human judgment and leave behind. This is the creature that drives home the reality of the battle.One of the reasons the author must have written the book is to show salutary how much the human give and judgment buttocks achieve. This makes the book the more relevant today because we live in a world that gravitates around Technology. We have slowly turned from Master to knuckle down and Sea of Thunder is a good way to show its readers that and so the human being is still capable of achieving whatever is desired.The book is ricochet in the era of the early 1930s were the industrial revolution had interpreted off but its impacts had not fully been experienced around the on the whole world. This is one of the reasons why they battle was mainly depended on Human allow for power and judgment. It was also the era of the Pacific Wa r and the book centers on its progression and centers on the Battle of the Leyte GulfOne of the subtopics could be inner conflict on the part of the officers especially the Japanese. They had dived loyalties to the Throne, the IJN and the fellow soldiers under their command.Another subtopic is Evans breaking all the racial Barriers by gaining entrance into the oceanic Academy. This is because commander Evans was a Cherokee Indian and it was absolutely rare of some one of Evans heritage to be accepted into the U.S Naval Academy.However according to Hal M. Friedman one of the reviewers of Thomas work, Thomas mentions these things but without developing them. One would like to know more about factors in Evanss family solid ground that helped him in his education, motivated him to join the Navy, and enabled him to overcome the prejudices in the fleet to get an Academy appointment. Again, these are all mentioned by Thomas but not in as thorough a manner as the crotchet of the accompl ishments requires. This could possibly be one of the shortcomings of the book.Another possible subtopic could be Kuritas decision not to sacrifice thousands of lives. Had he not made this choice and because the Americans would tout ensemble have been destroyed. This gives us a point to ponder about. Why did he do it?The author sustenances his theme/thesis firstly by reservation it known that these men had inner conflicts that would have deterred them from achieving their goal. This is actually where the fact of will power comes in because had it not been due to this self convincing then they would have failed in their missions by just giving upThe other support for the theme is that without any support, Spragues forces puta shockingly fierce fight in which Evans potently featured. This shows the human body being put to the test of time and it vigorously brings out the fact about human judgment for the Spragues could simply have seen their enemies then decide to run for cover . But on the blow they perceived the situation in a different perspective (Judgment) then decided to give them the Japanese a very hard battle.Moving forward from the dimension of the themes purpose in the winning of the battle, we realize that again it was will power that enabled the Japanese endure fifty long hours in shark infested waters of the ocean after their ship sunk. It took a lot of self will to choose to hold on in this situation for some(prenominal) a people would have simply given up.Does the author successfully support his theme? Well according to these three examples and other numerous ones in the book I think he does. He just does not implicitly express his theme but he goes remedy ahead and gives evidence to emphasize his theme

Marlow Lie Essay

Victorianviewpoint,andoftenpaintsthemas beingtheembodimentofthemorepureandgentleaspectsofhumannature. Conradmakes manyreferencestoa feelthatwomenliveinanidealworldwhichisseparatedfromtheevil placementofhumannatureexploredinthestory,emphasizingthattheymustbe protectfromthis darknessatallcosts. Thisthemecanbe confirmbymanydetailswithinemTheHeartof iniquity,butatthesametimethere beanumberofpointsinthestorywhichstandinstark lineagetothisportrayalofwomenasnobleandexaltedcreatures.Oneofthefirst contingencywhereConraddiscusseswomeninanidealizedmanneroccursinthe verybeginningofemTheHeartofDarkness,asMarlowisab stunnedtodepartforAfrica. During hisfinal shockwithhisaunt,shetalkstohimofhownobleshefeelstheCompanysattempts tocivilizetheAfricannativesargonanopinionwhichmakeshernephewratheruncomfortable. Itsqueer,hesays,howoutoftouchwith veritywomenare. Theyliveinaworldoftheirown, andtherehasneverbeenanything similarit,andnevercanbe.Itistoobeautifulaltogether,andif theyweretosetitupitwouldgotopi ecesbeforethefirstsunset. Marlowbelievesthatwomen cannotperceivethehorrorsthatmenarecapableofbecausetheyaresodistantfromthemby virtueoftheirsex. Anothergraphic specimenofthisattitudecomeswhenMarlowmakesa referencetoKurtzsfiancee,knownashisIntended. HesaysofherOh,sheisoutof itcompletely. Theythewomen,Imeanareoutofitshouldbeoutofit. Wemusthelpthem

Article: the Folly of Subsidizing Unemployment

Introduction In The Folly of Subsidizing Unemployment article written by Robert Barro, it contains data regarding the generous unemployment insurance software package and how it compares to the unemployment array. Is it worth subsidizing? The indite expresses his views on the unemployment rate in 2010 in comparison to the worst unemployment rate ever, which was in 1982. Obamas administration policy is expanding unemployment insurance eligibility to 99 weeks from the standard 26 weeks.This in return would cause higher(prenominal) taxes to net income for the insurance program associated with the unemployment compensation. stocky The current administration is to focused on regime expansion these days, they rely the cost is ineffective because the tax deductions in the package had no course effects in the marginal income tax rates that encourage investments, unravel efforts, and productivity growth. The cost is ineffective because the program subsidizes unemployment, therefore resulting in poor job searches, job acceptances, and levels of employment.The unemployment system has the largest extension ever for unemployed workers. The author blames the Obama administration, they should have predetermined that the extension is reckless and an all around unsound idea. Expanding to 99 weeks was unwise both economically and politically incorrect. Normative Arguments The normative issues associated with the state of economy and or the current policy relate to what should be rather than what is. The expansion of employment-insurance eligibility is 99 weeks compared to the standard of 26 weeks.People during this judgment of conviction should be resourceful looking for jobs and going to interviews, but instead bulk are taking the entire unemployment package as a vacation or keeping a low end job on the place. The peak of the unemployment rate in 2009 was 10. 1%, but the rate was higher in 1982 at 10. 8% with a less generous package than now. In 1982 at a rate of 10. 8% unemployment the duration of pay lasted 17. 6 weeks. Those unemployed enormouser than 26 weeks were at the 20. 4% long term unemployment rate which peaked in 1983 when the unemployment rate fell to 9. 4%, which then the mean of duration of unemployment reached 21. weeks and unemployment was at 24. 5%. Unemployment of less than 21 weeks plus the share of long term unemployment less than 25% (mean) in contrast to unemployment in todays world. At the peak of unemployment in June 2010 was at 35. 2 weeks and long term reached 46. 2%. Positive Arguments The constructive argument is information that supports the argument and has predictions close the economic relationships. The author does non agree with the Obama administration economists. They believe that if the insurance plan had been reduced unemployment would be reduced as well.The dramatic expansion of unemployment-insurance eligibility to 99 weeks is the reason unemployment is so high, because people believe that it w ont run out, or this wont demote to me. We agree that the demand for unemployment is ridiculous, and people need a smaller time frame and more rules/regulations in order for the government to restrict people from just living off of unemployment. People get through it as a joke, or as it wont happen to me, a job will come when the time is right but for now Ill sit back and just wait for my check. goalIn conclusion, the research and statistics made the article stronger. It only addresses one side of the issue which is the negative side. The normative analysis could have a trivial more positive feedback analysis to give his opinion more of a backbone and core to his findings. The author could go into more detail about changing the system and how people could be more positive and not sit and wait till the check or job comes to them. whole shebang Cited Barro, Robert. The Folly of Subsidizing Unemployment. The Folly of Subsidizing Unemployment (2010). Print.

Ib History Paper 3 Guide

Sabrina Shaw Hunter 2A IB History of the Americas HL 7 November 2012 Paper 3 Guide Mexican Revolution Bullet Points delineate and Summarized1. Causes of the Mexican Revolution accessible, economic, and semi policy-making the role of the Porfiriato governance * Porfirio Diaz was the dictator of Mexico from 1876 to 1910. His regime is kn possess as the Porfiriato regime. Diazs neighborly ideologies and aims were to divide and rule, obtain imperious ability Diazs methods were the Pan o Palo policy and the spoil system.Diaz valued to increase industrialization without increasing fo predominate investment and he utilise the spoil system to gain the jump out of the wealthy lan depleteers. Diazs policy-making goals were to have autocratic rule, have absolute power, and obtain these with this policies and systems menti wizd earlier. * through with(predicate) Diazs spoil system, the wealthy became wealthier and the poor, common Mexicans were starving.Haci closurea owners were ben efiting from the economic situation of Mexico al unitary the pile were being oppressed socially, economically, and semi policy-makingly, until Madero began spreading non re-election campaigns and subverter leading began to work out groups and belatedr armies, starting the Mexican Revolution.2. The re newfoundal and its loss attractions (1910-1917) Ideologies, aims, methods of Madero, Villa, Zapata, Carranza achievements and failures shaping of 1917 reputation and application * Madero Came to power through the landing of Diaz- Popular for his book, chairpersonial Succession of 1910.Sought soil, gained disposal through popular vote. His 15 months in office were followed by protection policy-making disaster, non-cooperation, and disunity between his followers and eventually Huerta. (His supposedly appointed commander of the policy-making sympathies forces who conspired with the arises for Maderos fall) * The aims of Madero were to remove Diaz from power and then sign up Diazs power. Villas aims changed impulsively and for immediate convenience. Zapatas aims were for agrarian squ be a office shade transformationary changes and land distri entirelyion evenly to the poor.Carranzas aims were to overthrow Huerta and to cause a program similar to Maderos entirely without the ambitious social domesticizes. The ideologies of each(prenominal) transformationary drawing card are very similar to the aims of each leader. The methods of Madero were forming the Anti-Reelectionist Center of Mexico and creating the designing of San Luis Potosi. The methods of Villa were guerilla tactics and being a magnetised leader that connected with the lower class. The methods of Zapata were choosing small, easy battle to salary increase morale among his men and combat while Diaz was occupied with the North.The methods of Carranza were rubbish Huerta and creating the curriculum of Guadalupe. Madero and Carranza two became chairman, however they did non keep this position for very long because of their neglect of social reform. Zapatas forge of Ayala was accepted by the other subversive leading. Villa was able to fight and then able to retire after the revolution. * Constitution of 1917 The Constitution of 1917 is described as unmatched of the safe about progressive system created at this time within Mexico it had significant influence on the political learnings of the terra firma.The institution of 1917 was approved by the Constitutional Congress on February 5, 1917 as the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. It was similar to the constitution of 1857 but gave more power to the Executive branch and gave additional rights to the Mexican people. The constitution displayed significant changes in Mexican political philosophy that helped frame the political and social backdrop for Mexico in the twentieth century. For its time it is important as it was established prior to the raritying of the revolution , showing that the Mexican people were soft gaining what they were fighting for. Carranza was the first president to serve under this constitution.3. Construction of the post-revolutionary allege (1920-38) Obregon, Calles, and the Maximato challenges assessment of their impact in the post-revolutionary state Obregon * Mexican president from 1920 to 1924. Obregon was cancel out in 1928 before he won the reelection his second presidential term. Calles * Calles held power indirectly through 3 presidents which were his puppets. They were Emilio Portes Gil, Pascual Ortiz Rubio, and Abelardo Rodriguez.Calles plays an important role after the revolution since, because of him, there was a constitutional change that allowed non-consecutive reelection within Mexico. In 1926, Calles as well as do an anticlerical legislation by reforming the penal code, this law outlawed sacred orders. Some Mexican states such(prenominal) as Jalisco, Zacatecas, Guanajuato, Colima, and Michoacan, strongly opposed the imagination of this law ultimately leading to the Cristero war. The impact of Calles was very negative on Mexico, because it plunged Mexico into another war. Maximato A time outcome of 1928-1935 in which Mexico was conduct by Plutarco Elias Calles, who is also known as el Jefe Maximo (the supreme leader)4. Lazaro Cardenas and the renewal of the revolution (1939-40) aims, methods, and achievements * Lazaro Cardenas was the president from 1934-1940, quite a few years after the 1920 end to the Mexican revolution. He distributed land, made loans available to peasants, organized workers and peasants confederations, and expropriated and nationalized foreign-owned industries. One of his successes was the vi year plan, continuing the spirit of the Mexican Revolution.Cardenas reorganized and purged the party of Calles influence. These actions pore on the three pillars of his party, labor, peasantry, and the host. One of his methods include reassessing the Indian cultural h eritage, get-up-and-go the greatness of old Indian arts and the reevaluation of the Aztec culture which emphasized their influence on modern culture and increased nationalism. Another success of Cardenas include Tienda de Raya. This was a system in which workers on large land progress toers land would be paid in vouchers or tokens that were only redeemable at the stores be to the landholders. Any debt created by ane worker would be passed to his children if he was ineffectual to pay it, this created a system where debt would continue to move through the generations until full paid.5. The role of foreign powers (especially the United States) in the outbreak and development of the Mexican Revolution motivations, methods of intervention and contributions * Before the war, the United States decided that they would aid well-behaved authorities in enforcing neutrality laws. The United States distinguished themselves and made Mexico sensitive of their actions in light of war and assis tance.Jacob Dickinson, secretary of war for the US received American Military to warn Mexican militaries about actions that would be interpreted if American lives and properties were threatened. This action made it clear to Mexico that the US would only deputise under these circumstances. Wilsons goal of intervention was to get the constitutionals, including Carranza, into power so that he could attempt to control the party. Wilson desired for Mexico to be educated in liberal and constitutional lines. During the revolution the largest involvements of the US and Mexico was the Tampico affair and the hale of Veracruz.Woodrow Wilson seek to influence the conflict by controlling the flow of foreign host supplies to Mexico through its primary port, Veracruz. Wilson intended to weaken the government of Huerta by take and blockading Veracruz. This would weaken Huerta as Veracruz was the to the highest degree important port for armor coming in to Mexico. With Americans controlling t he port city Wilson could limit the Mexican Armys access to military supplies and could ultimately dictate the flow of arms to the following(a) government of Mexico.By getting involved in both the Tampico affair and storm of Veracruz, Wilson was announcing to Mexico and the revolutionary leading who he back up and didnt. Other than these two animal(prenominal) involvements, the US assisted several leaders by providing Madero with a fail-safe haven, and several other leaders with arms to overthrow some leaders while supporting the elevate of others. Wilson tried and true to eliminate the problem of Villa in an attempt to satisfy incensed Americans after a Villista raid on Columbus, New Mexico. The United States officially acknow directged the new Mexican government when Carranza came to terms on March 11.6. Impact of the revolution of the arts, education and music (suitable examples could be Siquerios, Rivera, Orozco) the impact of Vasconcelos educational reforms the develop ment of popular music literary works on the revolution * Jose David Alfaro Siqueiros (1896-1974)- A Mexican social realist painter who is known for his large murals in fresco. These murals helped build the post-revolutionary Mexican renaissance. Siqueiros as a person historically, participated in the assassination attempt to Leon Trotsky.Diego Rivera (1886-1957) A very well-known Mexican painter whose works are displayed from New York City, to Mexico City, and all the air to Buenos Aires. He was married to another famous Mexican workman, Frida Kahlo. Riveras radical political beliefs, his attacks on the church and clergy, as well as his dealings with Trotskyists and leftist assassins made him a controversial figure passim Mexico. * Jose Clemente Orozco (1883-1949) Mexican social realist painter who specialized in bold murals. Orozco was the most complex of the Mexican muralists.He was very fond of the theme of human suffering, being less existent in his works. He was also m ore fascinated by machines than Rivera. He promoted the political causes of peasants and workers, similar to the ideals of Zapata. * Frida Kahlo (1907-1954) Mexican artist known for her great self-portraits, she is remembered for the lovingness and pain, their vibrant colors. As communists, Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera were active communists and were friends with Leon Trotsky as he sought political asylum in Mexico from Joseph Stalins regime in the Soviet Union during the late 1930s.It is important to note that the artistic movement began in Mexico about the 1930s. The artist movement following the revolution defys out historically because of its political undert wizs, the legal age being of a Marxist nature. Many pieces of artwork from the time period are related to the social and political situation of post-revolutionary Mexico. * Jose Vasconcelos (1882-1959) Vasconcelos was a Mexican writer, philosopher, and politician. He worked as Secretary of Education under Alvaro Obreg on. He is one of the most influential and controversial personalities in the development of modern Mexico.Vasconcelos started the Mexican mural movement that allowed famous Mexican artists to paint on the walls of the most important Mexican buildings. El pueblo a la universidad, la universidad al pueblo Its a mural painted by Jose David Alfaro Siqueiros that repre directed the people from rural areas were going into school as a result of Vasconcelos educational reforms. i. He is a controversial figure in Mexico, he denounced democracy and back up the ideas of race and power. Supportive of both Madero and Villa during the revolution, he was responsible for initiating major(ip) reforms in the Mexican school system. Manuel Ponce Mexican composer active throughout the 20th century.Ponce connected the concert scene with a forgotten usance of popular song and Mexican folklore. Many of his compositions are strongly influenced by the harmonies and form of tralatitious songs. He was ab le to revive the idea of traditional songs and music. La Cucaracha (The cockroach) Mexican folklore corrido whose origins are unclear but some fence in it began during the revolution and became popular after it ended. Some verses were changed and it said that revenge was valued for Maderos death. Carlos Chavez- Mexican composer, music theorist, and founder and director of the Mexican symphonic Orchestra. Chavezs music was influenced by many native Mexican cultures such as the Yaqui. After the Mexican revolution and the democratic election of President Alvaro Obregon, he was well known for exploitation Aztec themes in his music.Key People (10) 1. Porfirio Diaz * Was the leader of Mexico from 1876 to 1910. Diaz came from a military background, with an Indian history. He governed with the Pan o Palo policy, a policy where Mexican citizens were threatened with the ability to eat or be beaten.The policy won Diaz the support of the church and wealthy landowners. By bring fear into M exican citizens Diaz was able to rebriny in control. His rurales tried to remove peasants and their revolts during his reign. Diaz was known to use the spoil system, awarding and promoting unqualified people for his own personal gain. He struggled with finding a way to modernize Mexico and how to boost the economy without foreign investment. Diaz was ultimately overthrown in 1910 with the opposition of Madero, and went into exile in 1911. 2. Francisco Madero Madero opposed the dictatorship of Diaz and was pro-democracy. He wrote and published The Presidential Succession of 1910 in hopes that Diaz would stick to his word and allow for a democratic leader to take pull of Mexico. His democratic ideologies were reflected in his non-reelection campaigns and his desire to enact political change. He came from an upper-class family, possibly one of the reasons he wasnt so focussed on social conflict in Mexico at the time. His anti-reelection clubs arrive him in jail by Diaz, which led to his escape to Texas.This is where Madero planned San Luis Potosi , ultimately label for the election of 1910 declared void and Diaz to be officially overthrown. Madero assumes power in 1911 by constitutional disposal. Madero used his educational background to spark the revolution, using his knowledge to his advantage. His revolutionary ideals, however, were unsuccessful as he was center on power instead of pleasing the people. It is also important to know that Madero lacked support of rural leaders, specifically the support of Zapata who was a leader focused on social change.3. Pancho Villa Villas aims were based upon convenience as he was a revolutionary leader that tagged alongside those in power at the time. He was well known for using guerilla tactics and primarily advocating for the poor and supporting the idea of agrarian reform. He was an unstable leader as he was one who sought action and crime. He was eventually murdered on July 20, 1923.4. Emiliano Zapata * Zapata fough t a primarily defensive war. He held non-political methods and ideologies, fighting for a non-violent diplomacy. In that, his master(prenominal) goals were social and agrarian reforms. This is seen as he formed the Ayala plan and spent his time supporting this plan. It revolved around the Mexican land and returning it to rightful land owners. Zapata was focused on controlling small farms and redistributing land in the South rather than focused on power in the North.5. Venustiano Carranza * Carranza became president of Mexico after the overthrow of Huerta in 1914. His success in the revolution was because of his ability to portray himself as perspicacious leader with a hope for peace. Carranza was a supporter of Madero, following his no reelection movement in 1910.Madero named him commander in chief in the revolution of Coahuila and Tamaulipas. Carranza believed that the see of San Luis Potosi, captainly created by Madero, was inaccurate as the social reform would be nearly impo ssible to achieve. He then created the Plan of Guadalupe. This plan promised to restore the 1857 Constitution of Mexico without the promised social reforms. The plans then lead to the introduction of Obregon, as he would be the one to create the army for Carranza to lead. Carranza was an ambitious leader, allowing him to be more successful in the revolution than those who relied strictly on arms.6. Alvaro Obregon Obregon supported Carranza in the overthrowing of Huerta, which led to Carranza becoming president. In 1920, Obregon started a revolt against Carranza and Carranza was assassinated. Obregon became the president. His presidency is known as the first stable presidency since the revolution began in 1910. He made education reform, land reform, and made labor laws, for example.7. Victoriano Huerta * Madero sent Huerta to stop Orozcos revolt. After defeating Orozco, he returned to Mexico with a heros welcome. Huerta was promoted to Commander in Chief. Madero put Huerta in charge to stop the takeover started by a U. S. ambassador.Madero successfully stopped the attempted coup detat and when he returned, he gained a lot of power and made Madero resign from the presidency. Huerta becomes president on February 19, 1913. In 1913, Carranza leads a rebellion against Huerta, because all the revolutionary leaders are against Huerta except for Orozco. * In 1914, the U. S. turns against Huerta after he killed a senator. * Huerta tried to unite Mexico under a common hatred for America, but needfully failed. * He realizes that he cannot win after the US storms Vera Cruz after the Tampico affair, Huerta resigns on July 15, 1914 and Carranza becomes president.8. Pascual Orozco * Orozco supported Madero, because he wanted to remove Diaz from power. He grew to dislike Madero because of Maderos lack of reforms and because Madero did not give Orozco a position in the footlocker or a state governorship. Orozco resigned, but Madero did not accept it until he turned down the governorship of Chihuahua. On March 3, 1912, Orozco declared that he was rebelling against Madero. Orozco was defeating Maderos army, so Madero sent Huerta to stop Orozco, which he accomplished by August. Orozco fled to the U. S. ut later returned to partner with Huerta when Huerta became the president. After the fall of Huerta, Orozco returned to the U. S. , where he was shot and killed on August 30, 1915.9. Benito Juarez * Juarez was a lawyer who was the president of Mexico for 5 terms. His death led to the opening of the Porfiriato regime of Diaz. 1806-1872 10. Lazaro Cardenas * Cardenas was the president of Mexico from 1934 to 1940. He was a very revolutionary president. He arrested Calles and some of Calles associates for their persecution of the church that led to the Cristero War.He used the National subversive Partys six-year plan of social and political reform. His programs built schools and roads, promoted education, and included land reform. After his presidency Carden as continued to have power through puppet-like men that he controlled who became president.Key Events (7)1. Presidential Succession of 1910 * This was a book indite and published by Madero. Its purpose was to call for the current president, Diaz, to step down from power and allow free elections. It ultimately helped Madero gain power during the revolution.2. Plan of Ayala * November 25, 1911 The plan of Ayala was created by Zapata and enacted on November 25, 1911. It was a plan that called for agrarian reform, the al-Qaida of Zapatas revolution and the reason why he is an important leader in the revolution. The plan sets Zapata, as a leader, apart from the others as it shows Zapatas ideals of social reform through agriculture rather than the fight for political power.3. Plan of Guadalupe * February 24, 1913 The plan of Guadalupe was established by Carranza in 1913. It focused around political power, calling for the transfer of power in Mexico and improving conditions for the poor. It came as a result of Huertas overthrow of Madero, with Carranza believing that Huertas rise to power was illegitimate. The plan rejected Huertas government and focused on a continuation of Maderos policies. It was recognized by leaders such as Villa, Zapata, and Obregon. It was one of the three most important documents within the Mexican revolution. The plan self-possessed Villa, Zapata, and Orozco to help Carranza in the overthrow of Huerta in July 1914. * Carranza calling for the overthrow of Huerta and tax return of the constitution of 1857 (limiting the churchs power)4.Tampico Affair * Led to storm of Veracruz * April 9, 1914 * A battle was taking place in Tampico when a U. S. ship landed there. The federal authorities of Mexico arrested all the Americans to protect them from the fighting. The American general was outraged by their preaching and demanded an apology with a 21 gun salute. The federals refused to assignment his request of a 21 gun salute, further angering th e Americans. The U. S. placed an embargo on armament shipment to the federal authorities of Mexico as a result of the affair. The Tampico affair ultimately leads to the storm of Vera Cruz.The U. S. invaded Vera Cruz instead of Tampico because U. S. businesses had oil refineries in Tampico and they did not want to disturb oil production, illustrating the expanse of U. S. industry in Mexico.5. Treaty of Ciudad Juarez * whitethorn 21, 1911 * The treaty of Ciudad Juarez stated that Diaz had to resign by the end of 1911, the interim president would be Francisco de la Barra, and that De la Barra is in charge of holding free elections. It is an important document as it ends Diazs reign and allows for the beginning of Maderos power.The treaty left all of Diazs political leaders and institutions in place, making it hard to rid the system of Diaz and his way of running Mexico. 6. Obregon offers amnesty to Villas army December 1915 * Obregon offered amnesty to all the Villistas, the soldiers in Villas army. The amnesty was only not offered to high-ranking officials and Villa himself. This event gave Villas soldiers a way out of the war after fighting for louvre years. Villas army was severely reduced and he was forced to take away to the hills of Chihuahua.7. Convencion de Aguascarlientes of 1914 This was a constitutional convention that raised issues between the central leaders, bringing forth their differences once again. Obregon attends the meeting while the other leaders are absent. It is here that the Plan of Ayala gets its first support, it is voted on to dismiss Carranza from office, and sparks a set up of events surrounding Villa and Carranza. Villa then enters the US and makes an attack, in which the US retaliates by send troops into America trying to capture Villa. Carranza at this point was being supported by the US and was defending the interests of the upper class citizens of Mexico.Key Dates (7)1.Resignation of Diaz * May 25, 1911 The resignation of Di az ended an era of dictatorship and sparked the revolution as multiple leaders had conflicting ideas on what was best for Mexico and what were the best ways of achieving these goals. Diazs resignation led to Maderos assumption of power and ultimately the beginning of the Mexican revolution.2. Meeting of Zapata and Villa * December 4, 1911 Zapata and Villa met for the first time in the presidential palace on December 4, 1911. At this meeting the two leaders agreed that they did not want the presidency, the power over Mexico,3. Storm of Veracruz * April 21, 1914Within this incidental there were over 200 Mexicans dead, 300 wounded and 19 American dead and 47 wounded. These numbers showed the United States superiority in numbers, technology, and dodging at the time. The United States stormed Veracruz in light of Tampico affair after not receiving a 21 gun salute after the arrests in Tampico. They stormed Veracruz because they did not want to invade Tampico because America had oil refin eries in Tampico. It is also one of the main ports in which Huerta was receiving arms, if the US could control that port they could show potential in support of Carranza and against Huerta.4.Madero wins presidential election * November 6, 1911 This is revolutionary as Madero has successfully overtaken Porfirio Diaz. Maderos reign was to be compact as he made several mistakes as he assumed power. The biggest mistake that Madero made was not officially taking over for a couple of months, this allowed Diazs supporters and leaders to down talk Madero and undermine his authority to the citizens of Mexico.5. Murdering of Madero * February 22, 1913 * The U. S. ambassador stages a coup led by Diazs nephew, but the coup is not supported by the U. S. government. Madero puts Huerta in charge of stopping the coup. Huerta stops the attempted coup, but returns and makes Madero resign as he gains power. Madero believes Huerta will let him resign peacefully. However, Huerta kills Maderos brothers and then kills Madero. Madero becomes a revolutionary martyr and killing Madero alienates international doctrine * Huerta gains power6. Carranza becomes president * August 20, 1914 * Carranza led a rebellion against Huerta. Combined with Carranzas rebellion and the U. S. invasion of Sera Cruz, Huertas power was drained. Huerta resigned and Carranza became the president.7. Zapata is murdered * April 10, 1919 * By a group organized by Carranza . 1920 Obregon with the help of Zapatistas, Villistas, and other revolutionaries overthrow and kill Carranza.Obregon becomes president Quotations (2)1. A dog with a bone neither kills nor steals Porfirio Diaz2. It is let out to die on your feet than to live on your knees-Emiliano Zapata * This quotation is an important one when dealing with the Revolution. It characterizes Zapata as one of the revolutionary leaders quite nicely. This is because Zapata was the leader that stood strong, and fought enthusiastically, for what he believed in he fo ught hard for agrarian reform in the South of Mexico.It is a good reflection of how he would rather stand up for what he believed in than to subject himself to something thats not as worthy. Two Historians Michael C. Meyer- The Course of Mexican History * They neither were not just traditional organized armies nor were they simply peasant mobs. Meyer focuses on the uniqueness of the rebel armies and how the uniqueness of the armies led to internal migration and mixing of languages, as well as giving more power to the people.Meyer says, since the base of power was shifting to new hands the future for the masses seemed auspicious and this hope stems into later generations. crude(a) Mclynn- Villa and Zapata A History of the Mexican Revolution * Mclynn claims that Capitalism took a stronger hold on Mexico because of the revolution. In this quotation Mclynn says there are three main strands of the revolution. First, the improvement of capitalism leading to a rise in industrial bourgeoi sie. Second, the movement of peasants leading to demands for ancestral lands. Third, the alliance of persons from the North with different occupations led to increased capitalism. Past Test Questions (10)To what extent did foreign intervention suck out the Mexican Revolution? 2003)Technology is a new type of imperialism. question this statement with reference to the impact of technology upon at least one country in the Americas during the twentieth century. (2003)By the end of the 1920s the original objectives of the Mexican Revolution had been abandoned. To what extent do you agree with this judgment? (2005)Examine the major stages of the Mexican Revolution (1910-20) and develop the programmes of three of the most important leaders. (2006)Analyse the causes of the spacious Depression in one country in the Americas. 2006)Compare and contrast the treatment of indigenous peoples in two countries of the region in the eighteenth century. (2005)Analyse the main features and impact of one cultural or one intellectual development in theAmericas in the period from 1850 to 1919. (2005)For what reasons, and with what results, did railroads develop in one country of the region between 1860 and 1929? Support your answers with examples. (2008)How did Malcolm X and the Black Panthers affect the goals of the urbane Rights Movement?Outline Examine the major stages of the Mexican Revolution (1910-20) and explain the programmes of three of the most important leaders. (2006) The course of the Mexican Revolution from 1910-1920 is intricate amongst its many leaders and quite frequent shifts in power. With leaders fighting over power of the same country, they each individually had different ideals and tactics. The withdrawal in goals for Mexico, and a lack of Mexican citizen involvement, ultimately determined the momentary leader of Mexico until another one was able to come to power throughout the war.The Mexican Revolution follows a transfer of power from major leaders as Diaz to Madero, Madero to Huerta, Huerta to Carranza, and finally Carranza to Obregon. Diaz to Madero * Presidential Succession of 1910 (importance) Madero to Huerta * Couldnt switch land issues and keep social order * Lacked army support * 1913 Coups- Huerta gains control of army and kills Madero Huerta to Carranza * US involvement * Tampico Affair and Vera Cruz * Embargo on arms shipments * US did not like HuertaThe programmes of the three most important leaders were Maderos Presidential Succession of 1910, Zapatas Plan of Ayala, and finally Carranzas Plan of Guadalupe. Each of these three plans reflected the leader and their primary ideas for Mexico. While Zapata stood by his Plan of Ayala throughout the entire revolution, the Presidential Succession of 1910 only provided a short amount of support for Madero, and the Plan of Guadalupe was successful for Carranza as it was focused on by more than just one leader, as well as it provided a common element in overthrowing Huerta.Pr esidential Succesion 1910 Madero * Book, well read in Mexico * Called for Diaz to step down and for free elections * Was the first major event in the Mexican Revolution as it was the first widely supported anti-Diaz campaign. Plan of Ayala * Supported by citizens * Mainly in the South * Zapata- Agrarian reform * Appeals to the people * Stood by it throughout the war (Central idea for Zapata) Plan of Guadalupe Carranza February, 1913 * political power, calling for the transfer of power in Mexico. * result of Huertas overthrow of Madero. * rejected Huertas government and focused on a continuation of Maderos policies.It was recognized by leaders such as Villa, Zapata, and Obregon. * It was one of the three most important documents within the Mexican revolution. * The plan gathered Villa, Zapata, and Orozco to help Carranza in the overthrow of Huerta in July These three plans were major events during the course of the Mexican Revolution. They aided the leaders in their goals for Mexico during a time of controversy and power differences. As one leader lost power, another would quickly gain it. sometimes working together, and sometimes against, the leaders of the revolution followed a pattern of overthrowing , followed by the assumption of power.